Nationally, in 1996, 27% of American men were daily smokers (this is also known as prevalence of daily smoking). Sixteen years later, in 2012, prevalence dropped to 22%. Similar progress was found among American women, with rates of daily smoking falling from 22% to 18% between 1996 and 2012.
Biography
What attracted you to the health metrics field?
Biology has captivated me for as long as I can remember – I was that strange child who spent afternoons looking for insects under stones and beach vacations bottom-up in a tide pool. As I grew older, I gained a deep love for the rich mathematical infrastructure upon which every biological interaction is built and the computer programs that allow me to understand these relationships. In my undergraduate career I worked primarily on the molecular level, researching viral intrahost thermodynamics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the generational dynamics of genetic mutation at New York University.
That takes care of “metrics.” What about “health”? Thank my high school Human Geography teacher. It was in his class that I first began to understand the magnitude and complexity of human interactions on a global scale, the vital importance of data in shaping policy, and the catastrophic outcomes of misused information. Nowhere is this more evident than in the field of public health, where the decisions of a handful of men and women, acting based on the information given to them by others, can affect the lives of millions. Though my undergraduate research took me far from the topics covered in that class, I have never forgotten these lessons; nor have I ever looked at a map quite the same way.
I was fortunate enough to join the growing community bridging the gap between mathematics and public health shortly before coming to IHME, having spent the summer preceding my fellowship helping to develop an agent-based HIV model at the Institute for Disease Modeling (IDM) in Bellevue, WA. I hope to remain in collaboration with the HIV team at IDM even while shifting the bulk of my attention to my responsibilities at IHME.
What work are you doing at IHME?
I hail from the US County Performance research team, which uses innovative small-area estimation models to perform county-level analyses on a variety of health conditions and indicators. Past and present projects focus on diabetes, hypertension, obesity and physical activity, and smoking, with plans for an analysis of alcohol use in the pipeline. My project examines county-level cause of death, combining the Global Burden of Disease cause of death framework with our own small-area models to analyze mortality patterns and risks on a local level throughout the United States.
How do you think your experience at IHME will contribute to your future work?
My time at IHME has been invaluable at every level – quantitative, health-related, personal. While I am as yet uncertain where my life will take me after I leave this organization, having been able to work with and learn from such brilliant, passionate, and personable colleagues and peers will, I hope, leave me with a work ethic to aspire to and a group of friends and mentors to support me no matter where I go.
El Bcheraoui C, Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Shirude S, Naghavi M, Murray CJL. Trends and patterns of differences in infectious disease mortality among US counties, 1980–2014. JAMA. 27 March 2018; 319(12):1248-1260. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.2089
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Shirude S, Unützer J, Naghavi M, Murray CJLM. Trends and Patterns of Geographic Variation in Mortality from Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injuries Among US Counties, 1980-2014. JAMA.
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Shirude S, Naghavi M, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL. Trends and patterns of differences in chronic respiratory disease mortality among US counties, 1980–2014. JAMA. 25 Sept 2017; 318(12):1136-1149. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.11747.
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Stubbs RW, Bertozzi-Villa A, Morozoff C, Callender C, Finegold SB, Shirude S, Flaxman AD, Laurent A, Kern E, Duchin JS, Fleming D, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL. Variation in life expectancy and mortality by cause among neighborhoods in King County, WA, USA, 1990–2014: a census tract-level analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Public Health. 5 Sept 2017.
Roth GA, Dwyer-Lindgren, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Naghavi M, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL. Trends and patterns of geographic variation in cardiovascular mortality among US counties, 1980–2014. JAMA. 2017 May 16.
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Mackenbach JP, van Lenthe FJ, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL. Inequalities in life expectancy among US counties, 1980 to 2014. JAMA Internal Medicine. 8 May 2017. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.0918.
Mokdad AH, Dwyer-Lindgren L, Fitzmaurice C, Stubbs RW, Bertozzi-Villa A, Morozoff C, Charara R, Allen C, Naghavi M, Murray CJL. Trends and patterns of disparities in cancer mortality among US counties, 1980–2014. JAMA. 2017;317(4):388-406. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.20324.
Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, Morozoff C, Kutz MJ, Huynh C, Barber RM, Shackelford KA, Mackenbach JP, van Lenthe FJ, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Mokdad AH, Murray CJL. US county-level trends in mortality rates for major causes of death, 1980–2014. JAMA. 2016 Dec. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.13645.
Dandona R, Bertozzi-Villa A, Kumar GA, Dandona L. Lessons from a decade of suicide surveillance in India: who, why and how? International Journal of Epidemiology. 2016 Jun 2.
Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, Brown JC, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson FJ, Coffeng LE, Dandona L, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Forouzanfar MH, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Higashi H, Kassebaum NJ, Larson HJ, Lim SS, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Odell SV, Roth GA, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Misganaw A, Whiteford HA, Wolock TM, Wulf Hanson S, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abu-Raddad LJ, AlBuhairan FS, Amare AT, Antonio CAT, Artaman A, Barker-Collo SL, Barrero LH, Benjet C, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Brazinova A, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Chowdhury R, Cooper C, Crump JA, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Dharmaratne SD, Faraon EJA, Feigin VL, Fürst T, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gibney KB, Goto A, Gunnell D, Hankey GJ, Hay RJ, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jonas JB, Karch A, Kim D, Kim S, Kokubo Y, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Larsson A, Leasher JL, Leung R, Li Y, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mashal T, Mason-Jones AJ, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mock CN, Murray J, Nolte S, Oh I, Olusanya BO, Ortblad KF, Park E, Paternina Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Perico N, Piel FB, Polinder S, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Quistberg DA, Remuzzi G, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein DH, Sanabria J, Santos IS, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shiri R, Shiue I, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Towbin JA, Ukwaja KN, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wolfe CDA, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaki MES, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Vos T. Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015 Jan 25. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4276.
Benziger CP, Stout K, Zaragoza-Macias E, Bertozzi-Villa A, Flaxman AD. Projected growth of the adult congenital heart disease population in the United States to 2050: an integrative systems modeling approach. Population Health Metrics. 2015 Oct 15; 13:29. doi: 10.1186/s12963-015-0063-z.
Murray CJL, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham JP*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NM*, Achoki T*, Ackerman IN*, Ademi Z*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Afshin A*, Agardh EE*, Alam S*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alegretti MA*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, AlMazroa MA*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Amare AT*, Ameh EA*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Anderson H*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Arnlöv J*, Arsic Arsenijevic VS*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Avila MA*, Awuah B*, Bachman VF*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Balakrishnan K*, Banerjee A*, Barker-Collo SL*, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Basulaiman MO*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bernabé E*, Bertozzi-Villa A*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bienhoff K*, Bikbov B*, Biryukov S*, Blore JD*, Blosser CD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Bolliger IW*, Bora Başara B*, Bornstein NM*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Boyers LN*, Brainin M*, Brayne CE*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde NJ*, Brenner H*, Briggs AD*, Brooks PM*, Brown JC*, Brugha TS*, Buchbinder R*, Buckle GC*, Budke CM*, Bulchis A*, Bulloch AG*, Campos-Nonato IR*, Carabin H*, Carapetis JR*, Cárdenas R*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castro RE*, Catalá-López F*, Cavalleri F*, Çavlin A*, Chadha VK*, Chang J*, Charlson FJ*, Chen H*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Christophi CA*, Cirillo M*, Coates MM*, Coffeng LE*, Coggeshall MS*, Colistro V*, Colquhoun SM*, Cooke GS*, Cooper C*, Cooper LT*, Coppola LM*, Cortinovis M*, Criqui MH*, Crump JA*, Cuevas-Nasu L*, Danawi H*, Dandona L*, Dandona R*, Dansereau E*, Dargan PI*, Davey G*, Davis A*, Davitoiu DV*, Dayama A*, De Leo D*, Degenhardt L*, del Pozo-Cruz B*, Dellavalle RP*, Deribe K*, Derrett S*, Des Jarlais DC*, Dessalegn M*, Dharmaratne SD*, Dherani MK*, Diaz-Torné C*, Dicker D*, Ding EL*, Dokova K*, Dorsey ER*, Driscoll TR*, Duber HC*, Ebel BE*, Edmond KM*, Elshrek YM*, Endres M*, Ermakov SP*, Erskine HE*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Estep K*, Faraon EA*, Farzadfar F*, Fay DF*, Feigin VL*, Felson DT*, Fereshtehnejad S*, Fernandes JG*, Ferrari AJ*, Fitzmaurice C*, Flaxman AD*, Fleming TD*, Foigt N*, Fowkes FR*, Fra.Paleo U*, Franklin RC*, Fürst T*, Gabbe B*, Gaffikin L*, Gankpé FG*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gething P*, Gibney KB*, Giroud M*, Giussani G*, Gomez Dantes H*, Gona P*, González-Medina D*, Gosselin RA*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Graetz N*, Gugnani HC*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gutiérrez RA*, Haagsma J*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hagan H*, Halasa YA*, Hamadeh RR*, Hamavid H*, Hammami M*, Hancock J*, Hankey GJ*, Hansen GM*, Hao Y*, Harb HL*, Haro J*, Havmoeller R*, Hay RJ*, Hay SI*, Heredia-Pi IB*, Heuton KR*, Heydarpour P*, Higashi H*, Hijar M*, Hoek HW*, Hoffman HJ*, Hosgood H*, Hossain M*, Hotez PJ*, Hoy DG*, Hsairi M*, Hu G*, Huang JJ*, Huang C*, Husseini A*, Huynh C*, Iannarone ML*, Iburg KM*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Islami F*, Jacobsen KH*, Jarvis DL*, Jassal SK*, Jee S*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Jiang Y*, Jonas JB*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Karimkhani C*, Karthikeyan G*, Kassebaum NJ*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazanjan K*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Keren A*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SA*, Khan EA*, Khan G*, Khang Y*, Kieling C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kim Y*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs LD*, Knudsen A*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Krishnaswami S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kucuk Bicer B*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulkarni C*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar G*, Kyu HH*, Lai T*, Lalloo R*, Lallukka T*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larsson A*, Lawrynowicz AEB*, Leasher JL*, Leigh J*, Leung R*, Levitz CE*, Li B*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Lim SS*, Lind M*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, Lofgren KT*, Logroscino G*, Looker KJ*, Lortet-Tieulent J*, Lotufo PA*, Lozano R*, Lucas RM*, Lunevicius R*, Lyons RA*, Ma S*, MacIntyre MF*, Mackay MT*, Majdan M*, Malekzadeh R*, Marcenes W*, Margolis DJ*, Margono C*, Marzan MB*, Masci JR*, Mashal MT*, Matzopoulos R*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGill NW*, McGrath JJ*, McLain A*, Meaney PA*, Medina C*, Mehndiratta M*, Mekonnen W*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mensah GA*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mitchell PB*, Mock CN*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Mooney MD*, Moore AR*, Moradi-Lakeh M*, Moran AE*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer ML*, Mozaffarian D*, Msemburi WT*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Murdoch ME*, Murray J*, Murthy KS*, Naghavi M*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nejjari C*, Neupane SP*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nguyen G*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh I*, Ohkubo T*, Ohno SL*, Olusanya BO*, Opio J*, Ortblad K*, Ortiz A*, Pain AW*, Pandian JD*, Papachristou C*, Park E*, Park J*, Patten SB*, Patton GC*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pereira DM*, Perez-Padilla R*, Perez-Ruiz F*, Perico N*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips BK*, Phillips DE*, Phillips MR*, Piel FB*, Plass D*, Poenaru D*, Polinder S*, Pope D*, Popova S*, Poulton RG*, Pourmalek F*, Prabhakaran D*, Prasad NM*, Pullan RL*, Qato DM*, Quistberg D*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahman SU*, Raju M*, Rana SM*, Razavi H*, Reddy KS*, Refaat A*, Remuzzi G*, Resnikoff S*, Ribeiro AL*, Richardson L*, Richardus J*, Roberts DA*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Ronfani L*, Roth GA*, Rothenbacher D*, Rothstein DH*, Rowley JT*, Roy N*, Ruhago GM*, Saeedi MY*, Saha S*, Sahraian M*, Sampson UK*, Sanabria JR*, Sandar L*, Santos IS*, Satpathy M*, Sawhney M*, Scarborough P*, Schneider IJ*, Schöttker B*, Schumacher AE*, Schwebel DC*, Scott JG*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Serina PT*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shackelford KA*, Shaheen A*, Shahraz S*, Shamah Levy T*, Shangguan S*, She J*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shi P*, Shibuya K*, Shinohara Y*, Shiri R*, Shishani K*, Shiue I*, Shrime MG*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Simard EP*, Sindi S*, Singh A*, Singh JA*, Singh L*, Skirbekk V*, Slepak EL*, Sliwa K*, Soneji S*, Søreide K*, Soshnikov S*, Sposato LA*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stanaway JD*, Stathopoulou V*, Stein MB*, Stein DJ*, Steiner C*, Steiner TJ*, Stevens A*, Stewart A*, Stovner LJ*, Stroumpoulis K*, Sunguya BF*, Swaroop M*, Sykes BL*, Tabb KM*, Takahashi K*, Tandon N*, Tanne D*, Tanner M*, Tavakkoli M*, Taylor HR*, Te Ao BJ*, Tediosi F*, Temesgen AM*, Templin T*, Ten Have M*, Tenkorang EY*, Terkawi AS*, Thomson B*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Thrift AG*, Thurston GD*, Tillmann T*, Tonelli M*, Topouzis F*, Toyoshima H*, Traebert J*, Tran BX*, Trillini M*, Truelsen T*, Tsilimbaris M*, Tuzcu EM*, Uchendu US*, Ukwaja KN*, Undurraga EA*, Uzun SB*, van Brakel WH*, van de Vijver S*, van Gool CH*, van Os J*, Vasankari TJ*, Venketasubramanian N*, Violante FS*, Vlassov VV*, Vollset S*, Wagner GR*, Wagner J*, Waller SG*, Wang H*, Wang J*, Warouw TS*, Weichenthal S*, Weiderpass E*, Weintraub RG*, Wenzhi W*, Werdecker A*, Westerman R*, Whiteford HA*, Wilkinson JD*, Williams TN*, Wolfe CD*, Wolock TM*, Woolf AD*, Wulf S*, Wurtz B*, Xu G*, Yan LL*, Yano Y*, Yentür GK*, Yip P*, Yonemoto N*, Yoon S*, Younis MZ*, Yu C*, Zaki ME*, Zhao Y*, Zheng Y*, Zonies D*, Zou X*, Salomon JA†, Lopez AD†, Vos T† Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition. The Lancet. 2015 Aug 27. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators: Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, Charlson F, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dicker D, Duan L, Erskine H, Feigin VL, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Hansen GM, Hanson SW, Heuton KR, Higashi H, Kassebaum N, Kyu H, Laurie E, Liang X, Lofgren K, Lozano R, MacIntyre MF, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Nguyen G, Odell S, Ortblad K, Roberts DA, Roth GA, Sandar L, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Steiner C, Thomas B, Vollset SE, Whiteford H, Wolock TM, Ye P, Zhou M, Avila MA*, Aasvang GM*, Abbafati C*, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abdel Aziz MI*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham JP*, Abraham B*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Aburto TC*, Achoki T*, Ackerman IN*, Adelekan A*, Ademi Z*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Arnlov J*, Agardh EE*, Al Khabouri MJ*, Alam SS*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alegretti MA*, Aleman AV*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, Allen PJ*, AlMazroa MA*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Ameli O*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Anderson HR*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Apfel H*, Arsenijevic VSA*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Atkinson C*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Bakfalouni T*, Balakrishnan K*, Balalla S*, Banerjee A*, Barker-Collo SL, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Basu S*, Basu A*, Baxter A*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bernabe E*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta Z*, Bienhoff K*, Bikbov B*, Bin Abdulhak A*, Blore JD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Basara BB*, Borges G*, Bornstein NM*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Boyers LN*, Brainin M*, Brauer M*, Brayne CEG*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde NJK*, Brenner H*, Briggs ADM*, Brooks PM*, Brown J*, Brugha TS*, Buchbinder R*, Buckle GC*, Bukhman G*, Bulloch AG*, Burch M*, Burnett R*, Cardenas R*, Cabral NL*, Campos Nonato IR*, Campuzano JC*, Carapetis JR*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castaneda-Orjuela CA*, Catala-Lopez F*, Chadha VK*, Chang JC*, Chen H*, Chen W*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Christophi CA*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Coggeshall M*, Cohen A*, Colistro V*, Colquhoun SM*, Contreras AG*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, Cooperrider K*, Coresh J*, Cortinovis M*, Criqui MH*, Crump JA*, Cuevas-Nasu L*, Dandona R*, Dandona L*, Dansereau E*, Dantes HG*, Dargan PI*, Davey G*, Davitoiu DV*, Dayama A*, De la Cruz-Gongora V*, de la Vega SF*, De Leo D*, del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle RP*, Deribe K*, Derrett S*, Des Jarlais DC*, Dessalegn M*, deVeber GA*, Dharmaratne SD*, Diaz-Torne C*, Ding EL*, Dokova K*, ER*, Driscoll TR*, Duber H*, Durrani AM*, Edmond KM*, Ellenbogen RG*, Endres M*, Ermakov SP*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Estep K*, Fahimi S*, Farzadfar F*, Fay DFJ*, Felson DT*, Fereshtehnejad SM*, Fernandes JG*, Ferri CP*, Flaxman A*, Foigt N*, Foreman KJ*, Fowkes FGR*, Franklin RC*, Furst T*, Futran ND*, Gabbe BJ*, Gankpe FG*, Garcia-Guerra FA*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gibney KB*, Gillum RF*, Ginawi IA*, Giroud M*, Giussani G*, Goenka S*, Goginashvili K*, Gona P*, Gonzalez de Cosio T*, Gosselin RA*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Guerrant RI*, Gugnani HC*, Gunnell D*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gutierrez RA*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hagan H*, Halasa Y*, Hamadeh RR*, Hamavid H*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Hao Y*, Harb HL*, Haro JM*, Havmoeller R*, Hay RJ*, Hay S*, Hedayati MT*, Heredia Pi IB*, Heydarpour P*, Hijar M*, Hoek HW*, Hoffman HJ*, Hornberger JC*, Hosgood HD*, Hossain M*, Hotez PJ*, Hoy*, Hsairi M*, Hu H*, Hu G*, Huang JJ*, Huang C*, Huiart L*, Husseini A*, Iannarone M*, Iburg KM*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Jacobsen KH*, Jassal SK*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Jiang Y*, Jonas JB*, Joseph J*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Karch A*, Karimkhani C*, Karthikeyan G*, Katz R*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazi DS*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SEAH*, Khan EA*, Khan G*, Khang YH*, Khonelidze I*, Kieling C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kimokoti RW*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Kissela BM*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs L*, Knudsen AK*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Kramer A*, Kravchenko M*, Krishnamurthi RV*, Krishnaswami S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kucuk Bicer B*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar K*, Kumar GA*, Kwan GF*, Lai T*, Lalloo R*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larson H*, Larsson A*, Lawrynowicz AEB*, Leasher JL*, Lee JT*, Leigh J*, Leung R*, Levi M*, Li B*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Liang J*, Lim S*, Lin HH*, Lind M*, Lindsay MP*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Lloyd BK*, Ohno SL*, Logroscino G*, Looker KJ*, Lopez AD*, Lopez-Olmedo N*, Lortet-Tieulent J*, Lotufo PA*, Low N*, Lucas RM*, Lunevicius R*, Lyons RA*, Ma J*, Ma S*, Mackay MT*, Majdan M*, Malekzadeh R*, Mapoma CC*, Marcenes W*, March LM*, Margono C*, Marks GB*, Marzan MB*, Masci JR*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Matzopoulos RG*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGill NW*, McGrath JJ*, McKee M*, McLain A*, McMahon BJ*, Meaney PA*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Mekonnen W*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mensah G*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mitchell PB*, Mock CN*, Moffitt TE*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Moore AR*, Moran AE*, Morawska L*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer M*, Mozaffarian D*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Murdoch ME*, Murray J*, Murthy KS*, Naghavi P*, Nahas Z*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Nejjari C*, Neupane SP*, Newman LM*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nhung NT*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh IH*, Ohkubo T*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Ortiz A*, Pandian JD*, Panelo CIA*, Papachristou C*, Park EK*, Parry CD*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pedraza LS*, Pellegrini CA*, Pereira DM*, Perez-Ruiz FP*, Perico N*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips MR*, Phillips D*, Phillips B*, Piel FB*, Plass D*, Poenaru D*, Polanczyk GV*, Polinder S*, Pope CA*, Popova S*, Poulton RG*, Pourmalek F*, Prabhakaran D*, Prasad NM*, Qato D*, Quistberg DA*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman S*, Raju M*, Rakovac I*, Rana SM*, Razavi H*, Refaat A*, Rehm J*, Remuzzi G*, Resnikoff S*, Ribeiro AL*, Riccio PM*, Richardson L*, Richardus JH*, Riederer AM*, Robinson M*, Roca A*, Rodriguez A*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Ronfani L*, Rothenbacher D*, Roy N*, Ruhago GM*, Sabin N*, Sacco RL*, Ksoreide K*, Saha S*, Sahathevan R*, Sahraian MA*, Sampson U*, Sanabria JR*, Sanchez-Riera L*, Santos IS*, Satpathy M*, Saunders JE*, Sawhney M*, Saylan MI*, Scarborough P*, Schoettker B*, Schneider IJC*, Schwebel DC*, Scott JG*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Serdar B*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shackelford K*, Shaheen A*, Shahraz S*, Shamah Levy T*, Shangguan S*, She J*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shepard DS*, Shi P*, Shibuya K*, Shinohara Y*, Shiri R*, Shishani K*, Shiue I*, Shrime MG*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Edgar P Simard EP*, 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The Lancet. 2015 June 8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, Vollset SE, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abdalla S*, Abd-Allah F*, Abdel Aziz MI*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham B*, Abraham JP*, Abuabara KE*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Achoki T*, Adelekan A*, na Ademi Z*, Adofo K*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Ärnlov J*, Agardh EE*, Akena D*, Al Khabouri MJ*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar M*, Alegretti MA*, Aleman AV*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali MK*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Al Lami F*, Allebeck P*, AlMazroa MA*, Al-Shahi Salman R*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alviz-Guzman N*, Amankwaa AA*, Amare AT*, Ameli O*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson HR*, Anderson BO*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Apfel H*, Argeseanu Cunningham S*, Arsenijevic VAS*, Artaman A*, Asad MM*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Atkinson C*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Bakfalouni T*, Balakrishnan K*, Balalla S*, Banerjee A*, Barber RM*, Barker-Collo SL*, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Barrientos-Gutierrez T*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Basulaiman MO*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bertozzi-Villa A*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bikbov B*, Bin Abdulhak A*, Biryukov S*, Blore JD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Borges G*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Boyers LN*, Brainin M*, Brauer M*, Brayne CEG*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde N*, Brenner H*, Briggs ADM*, Brown JC*, Brugha TS*, Buckle GC*, Bui LN*, Bukhman G*, Burch M*, Campos Nonato IS*, Carabin H*, Cárdenas R*, Carapetis J*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castro RE*, Catalá-López F*, Cavalleri F*, Chang JC*, Charlson FC*, Che X*, Chen H*, Chen Y*, Chen JS*, Chen Z*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Christophi CA*, Chuang TW*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Coates MM*, Coffeng LE*, Coggeshall MS*, Cohen A*, Colistro V*, Colquhoun SM*, Colomar M*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, Coppola LM*, Cortinovis M*, Courville K*, Cowie BC*, Criqui MH*, Crump JA*, 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R*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGrath JJ*, McKay AC*, McKee M*, McLain A*, Meaney PA*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Mensah GA*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Misganaw A*, Mishra SK*, Mock CN*, Moffitt TE*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Monis JC*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Mooney MD*, Moore AR*, Moradi-Lakeh M*, Moran AE*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer ML*, Mozaffarian D*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Mullany EC*, Murray J*, Mustapha A*, Naghavi P*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Nasher J*, Nejjari C*, Nelson RG*, Neuhouser M*, Neupane SP*, Newcomb PA*, Newman N*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nguyen G*, Nguyen NT*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Odell S*, O’Donnell M*, Ohkubo T*, Ohno SL*, Olusanya BO*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Orisakwe OE*, Ortblad 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Tleyjeh IM*, Tonelli M*, Topouzis F*, Towbin JA*, Toyoshima H*, Traebert J*, Tran BX*, Truelsen T*, Trujillo U*, Trillini M*, Tsala Dimbuene Z*, Tsilimbaris M*, Tuzcu EM*, Ubeda C*, Uchendu US*, Ukwaja KN*, Undurraga EA*, Vallely AJ*, van de Vijver S*, van Gool CH*, Varakin YY*, Vasankari TJ*, Vasconcelos AMN*, Vavilala MS*, Venketasubramanian N*, Vijayakumar L*, Villalpando S*, Violante FS*, Vlassov VV*, Wagner GR*, Waller SG*, Wang J*, Wang L*, Wang X*, Wang Y*, Warouw TS*, Weichenthal S*, Weiderpass E*, Weintraub RG*, Wenzhi W*, Werdecker A*, Wessells KRR*, Westerman R*, Whiteford HA*, Wilkinson JD*, Williams TN*, Woldeyohannes SM*, Wolfe CDA*, Wolock TM*, Woolf AD*, Wong JQ*, Wright JL*, Wulf S*, Wurtz B*, Xu G*, Yang YC*, Yano Y*, Yatsuya H*, Yip P*, Yonemoto N*, Yoon SJ*, Younis M*, Yu C*, Yun Jin K*, Zaki MES*, Zamakhshary MF*, Zeeb H*, Zhang Y*, Zhao Y*, Zheng Y*, Zhu J*, Zhu S*, Zonies D*, Zou XN*, Zunt JR*, Vos T†, Lopez AD†, Murray CJL†. 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*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
Kassebaum NJ‡, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, Shackelford KA, Steiner C, Heuton KR, Gonzalez-Medina D, Barber R, Huynh C, Dicker D, Templin T, Wolock TM, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abera SF*, Achoki T*, Adelekan A*, Ademi Z*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Agardh EE*, Akena D*, Alasfoor D*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Al Kahbouri MJ*, Alla F*, Allen PJ*, AlMazroa MA*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzmán N*, Amankwaa AA*, Amare AT*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Ärnlöv J*, Arsenijevic VSA*, Artaman A*, Asad MM*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Badawi A*, Balakrishnan K*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Bernabe E*, Beyene TJ*, Bhutta Z*, Abdulhak AB*, Blore J*, Bora Basara B*, Bose D*, Breitborde N*, Cárdenas R*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castro RE*, Catalá-López F*, Cavlin A*, Chang J*, Che X*, Christophi CA*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Colquhoun SM*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, da Costa Leite I*, Dandona L*, Dandona R*, Davis A*, Dayama A*, Degenhardt L*, De Leo D*, del Pozo-Cruz B*, Deribe K*, Dessalegn M*, deVeber GA*, Dharmaratne SD*, Dilmen U*, Ding EL*, Dorrington RE*, Driscoll TR*, Ermakov SP*, Esteghamati A*, Faraon EJA*, Farzadfar F*, Felicio MM*, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad*, Graça Maria Ferreira de Lima*, Forouzanfar MH*, França EB*, Gaffikin L*, Gambashidze K*, Gankpé FG*, Garcia AC*, Geleijnse JM*, Gibney KB*, Giroud M*, Glaser EL*, Goginashvili K*, Gona P*, González-Castell D*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Gugnani HC*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hamadeh RR*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Harb HL*, Havmoeller R*, Hay S*, Heredia Pi IB*, Hoek HW*, Hosgood HD*, Hoy DG*, Husseini A*, Idrisov BT*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Jacobsen KH*, Jahangir E*, Jee SH*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Juel K*, Kabagambe EK*, Kan H*, Karam NE*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazanjan K*, Kazi DS*, Kemp AG*, Kengne AP*, Kereselidze M*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SEAH*, Khan EA*, Khang Y*, Knibbs L*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kulkarni C*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar GA*, Kumar K*, Kumar RB*, Kwan G*, Lai T*, Lalloo R*, Lam H*, Lansingh VC*, Larsson A*, Lee J*, Leigh J*, Leinsalu M*, Leung R*, Li X*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Liang J*, Liang X*, Lim SS*, Lin H*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, London SJ*, Lotufo PA*, Ma J*, Ma S*, Machado VMP*, Mainoo NK*, Majdan M*, Mapoma CC*, Marcenes W*, Marzan MB*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Monis JC*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Moore AR*, Mori R*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Nash D*, Nejjari C*, Nelson RG*, Neupane SP*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh I*, Ohkubo T*, Olusanya BO*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Orisakwe OE*, Pandian JD*, Papachristou C*, Park J*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pereira DM*, Pesudovs K*, Petzold M*, Poenaru D*, Polanczyk GV*, Polinder S*, Pope D*, Pourmalek F*, Qato D*, Quistberg DA*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman S*, Raju M*, Rana SM*, Refaat A*, Ronfani L*, Roy N*, Sánchez Pimienta TG*, Sahraian MA*, Salomon J*, Sampson U*, Santos IS*, Sawhney M*, Sayinzoga F*, Schneider IJC*, Schumacher A*, Schwebel DC*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shakh-Nazarova M*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shibuya K*, Shin HH*, Ivy Shiue*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Silva AP*, Singh JA*, Skirbekk V*, Sliwa K*, Soshnikov SS*, Sposato LA*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stroumpoulis K*, Sturua L*, Sykes BL*, Tabb KM*, Talongwa RT*, Tan F*, Teixeira CM*, Tenkorang EY*, Terkawi AS*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Tirschwell DL*, Towbin JA*, Tran BX*, Tsilimbaris M*, Uchendu US*, Ukwaja KN*, Undurraga EA*, Uzun SB*, Vallely AJ*, van Gool CE*, Vasankari TJ*, Vavilala MS*, Venketasubramanian N*, Villalpando S*, Violante FS*, Vlassov VV*, Vos T*, Waller S*, Wang H*, Wang L*, Wang SX*, Wang Y*, Weichenthal S*, Weiderpass E*, Weintraub RG*, Westerman R*, Wilkinson JD*, Woldeyohannes SM*, Wong JQ*, Wordofa MA*, Xu G*, Yang YC*, Yano Y*, Yentur GK*, Yip P*, Yonemoto N*, Yoon S*, Younis MZ*, Yu C*, Jin KY*, Zaki MES*, Zhao Y*, Zheng Y*, Zhou M*, Zhu J*, Zou XN*, Lopez AD†, Naghavi M†, Murray CJL†, Lozano R†. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2014 May 2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
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