Biography
Ashkan Afshin, MD, MPH, MSc, ScD, is an Assistant Professor of Health Metrics Sciences at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. In this role, he works on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project, leading the effort to estimate the disease burden attributable to dietary risk factors.
Prior to joining IHME, Dr. Afshin completed a postdoctoral fellowship in epidemiology at Tufts University's Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. He was also a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, where he focused on nutrition, chronic disease, and dietary policy. He is a physician and epidemiologist with formal training and experience in health policy, population health, decision sciences, public health informatics, and health economics.
Dr. Afshin earned an MD from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, an MPH from Johns Hopkins University, and an MSc in Health Policy and a dual ScD in Epidemiology and Global Health and Population from Harvard University.
IHME was established at the University of Washington in Seattle in 2007. Its mission is to improve health through better health evidence.
GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 17 October 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2.
Felisbino-Mendes MS, Cousin E, Malta DC, Machado IE, Ribeiro ALP, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Silva DAS, Glenn S, Afshin A, Velasquez-Melendez. The burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high BMI in Brazil, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Population Health Metrics. 30 September 2020. doi: 10.1186/s12963-020-00219-y.
Duncan BB, Cousin E, Naghavi M, Afshin A, Franca EB, Passos VMA, Malta D, Nascimento BR, Schmidt MI. The burden of diabetes and hyperglycemia in Brazil: a global burden of disease study 2017. Population Health Metrics. 30 September 2020. doi:10.1186/s12963-020-00209-0.
GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 27 August 2020. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9.
LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017. Nature Medicine. 20 April 2020. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0807-6.
GBD 2017 Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 13 March 2020. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30408-X.
Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, Yin P, Zhu J, Chen W, Li X, Wang L, Wang L, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang M, Qi J, Yu S, Afshin A, Gakidou E, Glenn S, Krish VS, Miller-Petrie MK, Mountjoy-Venning WC, Mullany EC, Redford SB, Maghavi M, Hay SI, Wang L, Murray CJL, Liang X. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 24 June 2019. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1.
GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2 April 2019. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8.
GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1859–922. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3.
GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1923-94. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6.
GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018; 392:2091–138. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5.
GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1995-2051. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32278-5.
GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1684-735. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31891-9.
GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1736-88. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7.
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 8 Nov 2018;392:1789–858. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7.
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Diabetes Collaborators. The increasing burden of diabetes and variations among the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2016. The Lancet Global Health. 12 September 2018. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30387-5.
Schmidhuber J, Sur P, Fay K, Huntley B, Salama J, Lee A, Cornaby L, Horino M, Murray C, Afshin A. The Global Nutrient Database: availability of macronutrients and micronutrients in 195 countries from 1980 to 2013. The Lancet Planetary Health. 3 August 2018. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30170-0.
GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 23 May 2018.
India State-level Disease Burden Initiative Collaborators. Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet. 13 Nov 2017. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32804-0
GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 14 Sept 2017: 390;1084–1150.
GBD 2016 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 14 Sept 2017: 390;1260-344.
GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 14 Sept 2017: 390; 1211–59.
GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 14 Sept 2017: 390;1345-1422.
GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 12 Sept 2017: 390; 1423–59.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Transport injuries and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality and morbidity burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of vision loss in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Danger ahead: the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors 3 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Adolescent health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of cancer in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2005–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Trends in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality in Eastern Mediterannean countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of lower respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Maternal mortality and morbidity burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2015: findings from the global burden of disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Collaborators. Burden of obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. International Journal of Public Health. 7 Aug 2017.
The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. New England Journal of Medicine. 12 Jun 2017. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
GBD 2015 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal healthcare in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. The Lancet. 2017 May 18.
Charara R, Forouzanfar M, Naghavi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Afshin A, Vos T, Daoud F, Wang H, El Bcheraoui C, Khalil I, Hamadeh RR, Khosravi A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Khader Y, Al-Hamad N, Makhlouf Obermeyer C, Rafay A, Asghar R, Rana SM, Shaheen A, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Husseini A, Abu-Raddad LJ, Khoja T, Al Rayess ZA, AlBuhairan FS, Hsairi M, Alomari MA, Ali R, Roshandel G, Terkawi AS, Hamidi S, Refaat AH, Westerman R, Ahmad Kiadaliri A, Akanda AS, Ali SD, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Faghmous IAD, Fereshtehnejad S, Fischer F, Jonas JB, Kuate Defo B, Mehari A, Omer AB, Pourmalek F, Uthman OA, Mokdad AA, Maalouf FT, Abd-Allah F, Akseer N, Arya D, Borschmann R, Brazinova A, Brugha TS, Catalá-López F, Degenhardt L, Ferrari A, Haro JM, Horino M, Hornberger JC, Huang H, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim Y, Knudsen AK, Mitchell PB, Patton G, Sagar R, Satpathy M, Savuon K, Seedat S, Shiue I, Skogen JC, Stein DJ, Tabb KM, Whiteford HA, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Murray CJL, Mokdad AH. The burden of mental disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2013. PLOS ONE. 2017 Jan 17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169575.
Khalil I, Colombara DV, Forouzanfar MH, Troeger C, Daoud F, Moradi-Lakeh M, El Bcheraoui C, Rao PC, Afshin A, Charara R, Abate KH, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Abd-Allah F, Abu-Elyazeed R, Ahmad Kiadaliri A, Akanda AS, Akseer N, Alam K, Alasfoor D, Ali R, AlMazroa MA, Alomari MA, Al-Raddadi RMS, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Ammar W, Antonio CAT, Asayesh H, Asghar RJ, Atique S, Awasthi A, Bacha U, Badawi A, Barac A, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bensenor IM, Betsu BD, Bhutta Z, Bin Abdulhak AA, Butt ZA, Danawi H, Dubey M, Endries AY, Faghmous IDA, Farid T, Farvid MS, Farzadfar F, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fischer F, Fitchett JRA, Gibney KB, Ginawi IAM, Gishu MD, Gugnani HC, Gupta R, Hailu GB, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Harb HL, Hedayati MT, Hsairi M, Husseini A, Jahanmehr N, Javanbakht M, Jibat T, Jonas JB, Kasaeian A, Khader YS, Khan AR, Khan EA, Khan G, Khoja TAM, Kinfu Y, Kissoon N, Koyanagi A, Lal A, Latif AAA, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Mehari A, Mekonnen AB, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Misganaw A, Mohamed LAI, Nachega JB, Nguyen QL, Nisar MI, Peprah EK, Platts-Mills JA, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman S, Rai RK, Rana SM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SR, Refaat AH, Riddle M, Roshandel G, Ruhago GM, Saleh MM, Sanabria JR, Sawhney M, Sepanlou SG, Setegn T, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Sykes BL, Tavakkoli M, Tedla BA, Terkawi AS, Ukwaja K, Uthman OA, Westerman R, Wubshet M, Yenesew MA, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Zaidi Z, Zaki MES, Al Rabeeah AA, Wang H, Naghavi M, Vos T, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Mokdad AH. Burden of diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2016 Dec;95(6):1319–1329.
Moradi-Lakeh M, El Bcheraoui C, Afshin A, Daoud F, AlMazroa MA, Al Saeedi M, Basulaiman M, Memish ZA, Al Rabeeah AA, Mokdad AH. Diet in Saudi Arabia: findings from a nationally representative survey. Public Health Nutrition. 10 Oct 2016. doi:10.1017/S1368980016003141.
GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016 Oct 7; 388:1659–1724.
GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016 Oct 7; 388:1603–1658.
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016 Oct 7; 388:1459–1544.
Lim SS, Allen K, Bhutta ZA, Dandona L, Forouzanfar MH, Fullman N, Gething PW, Goldberg EM, Hay SI, Holmberg M, Kinfu Y, Kutz MJ, Larson HJ, Liang X, Lopez AD, Lozano R, McNellan CR, Mokdad AH, Mooney MD, Naghavi M, Olsen HE, Pigott DM, Salomon JA, Vos T, Wang H, Abajobir AA*, Abate KH*, Abbafati C*, Abbas KM*, Abd-Allah F*, Abdulle AM*, Abraham B*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Abyu GY*, Achoki T*, Adebiyi AO*, Adedeji IA*, Afanvi KA*, Afshin A*, Agarwal A*, Agrawal A*, Ahmad Kiadaliri A*, Ahmadieh H*, Ahmed KY*, Akanda AS*, Akinyemi RO*, Akinyemiju TF*, Akseer N*, Al-Aly Z*, Alam K*, Alam U*, Alasfoor D*, AlBuhairan FS*, Aldhahri SF*, Aldridge RW*, Alemu ZA*, Ali R*, Alkerwi A*, Alkhateeb MAB*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, Allen C*, Al-Raddadi R*, Altirkawi KA*, Alvarez Martin E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Amare AT*, Amberbir A*, Amegah AK*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Amrock SM*, Andersen HH*, Anderson BO*, Anderson GM*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Ärnlöv J*, Artaman A*, Asayesh H*, Asghar RJ*, Atique S*, Avokpaho EFGA*, Awasthi A*, Ayala Quintanilla BP*, Azzopardi P*, Bacha U*, Badawi A*, Balakrishnan K*, Banerjee A*, Barac A*, Barber R*, Barker-Collo SL*, Bärnighausen T*, Barrero LH*, Barrientos-Gutierrez T*, Basu S*, Bayou TA*, Bazargan-Hejazi S*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Béjot Y*, Bell ML*, Bello AK*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Berhane A*, Bernabé E*, Bernal OA*, Betsu BD*, Beyene AS*, Bhala N*, Bhatt S*, Biadgilign S*, Bienhoff KA*, Bikbov B*, Binagwaho A*, Bisanzio D*, Bjertness E*, Blore J*, Bourne RRA*, Brainin M*, Brauer M*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde NJK*, Broday DM*, Brugha TS*, Buchbinder R*, Butt ZA*, Cahill LE*, Campos-Nonato IR*, Campuzano JC*, Carabin H*, Cárdenas R*, Carrero JJ*, Carter A*, Casey D*, Caso V*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castillo Rivas J*, Catalá-López F*, Cavalleri F*, Cecílio P*, Chang H*, Chang J*, Charlson FJ*, Che X*, Chen AZ*, Chiang PP*, Chibalabala M*, Chisumpa VH*, Jasmine Choi JJ*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Ciobanu LG*, Cirillo M*, Coates MM*, Coggeshall M*, Cohen AJ*, Cooke GS*, Cooper C*, Cooper LT*, Cowie BC*, Crump JA*, Damtew SA*, Dandona R*, Dargan PI*, das Neves J*, Davis AC*, Davletov K*, de Castro EF*, De Leo D*, Degenhardt L*, Del Gobbo LC*, Deribe K*, Derrett S*, Des Jarlais DC*, Deshpande A*, deVeber GA*, Dey S*, Dharmaratne SD*, Dhillon PK*, Ding EL*, Dorsey ER*, Doyle KE*, Driscoll TR*, Duan L*, Dubey M*, Duncan BB*, Ebrahimi H*, Endries AY*, Ermakov SP*, Erskine HE*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Fahimi S*, Farid TA*, Farinha CSS*, Faro A*, Farvid MS*, Farzadfar F*, Feigin VL*, Felicio MM*, Fereshtehnejad S*, Fernandes JG*, Fernandes JC*, Ferrari AJ*, Fischer F*, Fitchett JRA*, Fitzmaurice C*, Foigt N*, Foreman K*, Fowkes FGR*, Franca EB*, Franklin RC*, Fraser M*, Friedman J*, Frostad J*, Fürst T*, Gabbe B*, Garcia-Basteiro AL*, Gebre T*, Gebrehiwot TT*, Gebremedhin AT*, Gebru AA*, Gessner BD*, Gillum RF*, Ginawi IAM*, Giref AZ*, Giroud M*, Gishu MD*, Godwin W*, Gona P*, Goodridge A*, Gopalani SV*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Graetz N*, Greenwell KF*, Griswold M*, Guo Y*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gupta V*, Gutiérrez RA*, Gyawali B*, Haagsma JA*, Haakenstad A*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Haile D*, Hailu GB*, Halasa YA*, Hamadeh RR*, Hamidi S*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Harb HL*, Haro JM*, Hassanvand MS*, Havmoeller R*, Heredia-Pi* IB, Hoek HW*, Horino M*, Horita N*, Hosgood HD*, Hoy DG*, Htet AS*, Hu G*, Huang H*, Iburg KM*, Idrisov BT*, Inoue M*, Islami F*, Jacobs TA*, Jacobsen KH*, Jahanmehr M*, Jakovljevic MB*, James P*, Jansen HAFM*, Javanbakht M*, Jayatilleke AU*, Jee SH*, Jeemon P*, Jha V*, Jiang Y*, Jibat T*, Jin Y*, Jonas JB*, Kabir Z*, Kalkonde Y*, Kamal R*, Kan H*, Kandel A*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Karimkhani C*, Karunapema P*, Kasaeian A*, Kassebaum NJ*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kayibanda JF*, Keiyoro PN*, Kemmer L*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Keren A*, Kesavachandran CN*, Khader YS*, Khan AR*, Khan EA*, Khan G*, Khang YH*, Khoja TAM*, Khosravi A*, Khubchandani J*, Kieling C*, Kim C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kim YJ*, Kimokoti RW*, Kissoon N*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs LD*, Kokubo Y*, Kolte D*, Kosen S*, Kotsakis GA*, Koul PA*, Koyanagi A*, Kravchenko M*, Krueger H*, Kuate Defo B*, Kuchenbecker RS*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulikoff XR*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar GA*, Kwan GF*, Kyu HH*, Lal A*, Lal DK*, Lalloo R*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Langan SM*, Larsson A*, Laryea DO*, Latif AA*, Leasher JL*, Leigh J*, Leinsalu M*, Leung J*, Leung R*, Levi M*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Lind M*, Linn S*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu PY*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, Lo L*, Logroscino G*, Lotufo PA*, Lucas RM*, Lunevicius R*, Magdy Abd El Razek M*, Magis-Rodriguez C*, Mahdavi M*, Majdan M*, Majeed A*, Malekzadeh R*, Malta DC*, Mapoma CC*, Margolis DJ*, Martin RV*, Martinez-Raga J*, Masiye F*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Massano J*, Matzopoulos R*, Mayosi BM*, McGrath JJ*, McKee M*, Meaney PA*, Mehari A*, Mekonnen AB*, Melaku YA*, Memiah P*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Mensink GBM*, Meretoja A*, Meretoja TJ*, Mesfin YM*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mirarefin M*, Misganaw A*, Mitchell PB*, Mock CN*, Mohammadi A*, Mohammed S*, Monasta L*, Monis JD*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Moradi-Lakeh M*, Morawska L*, Mori R*, Mueller UO*, Murdoch ME*, Murimira B*, Murray J*, Murthy GVS*, Murthy S*, Musa KI*, Nachega JB*, Nagel G*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nangia V*, Neal B*, Nejjari C*, Newton CR*, Newton JN*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nguhiu P*, Nguyen G*, Nguyen QL*, Nisar MI*, Nkamedjie Pete PM*, Nolte S*, Nomura M*, Norheim OF*, Norrving B*, Obermeyer CM*, Ogbo FA*, Oh I*, Oladimeji O*, Olivares PR*, Olusanya BO*, Olusanya JO*, Opio JN*, Oren E*, Ortiz A*, Osborne RH*, Ota E*, Owolabi MO*, Mahesh PA*, Park E*, Park H*, Parry CD*, Parsaeian M*, Patel T*, Patel V*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patil ST*, Patten SB*, Patton GC*, Paudel D*, Pedro JM*, Pereira DM*, Perico N*, Pesudovs K*, Petzold M*, Phillips MR*, Piel FB*, Pillay JD*, Pinho C*, Pishgar F*, Polinder S*, Poulton RG*, Pourmalek F*, Qorbani M*, Rabiee RHS*, Radfar A*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman M*, Ur Rahman MH*, Ur Rahman S*, Rai RK*, Rajsic S*, Raju M*, Ram U*, Rana SM*, Ranabhat CL*, Ranganathan K*, Rao PC*, Refaat AH*, Reitsma MB*, Remuzzi G*, Resnikoff S*, Ribeiro AL*, Rios Blancas MJ*, Roba HS*, Roberts B*, Rodriguez A*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Ronfani L*, Roshandel G*, Roth GA*, Rothenbacher D*, Roy A*, Roy N*, Sackey BB*, Sagar R*, Saleh MM*, Sanabria JR*, Santomauro DF*, Santos IS*, Sarmiento-Suarez R*, Sartorius B*, Satpathy M*, Savic M*, Sawhney M*, Sawyer SM*, Schmidhuber J*, Schmidt MI*, Schneider IJC*, Schutte AE*, Schwebel DC*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shackelford K*, Shaheen A*, Shaikh MA*, Shamah Levy T*, Sharma R*, She J*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shen J*, Sheth KN*, Shey M*, Shi P*, Shibuya K*, Shigematsu M*, Shin M*, Shiri R*, Shishani K*, Shiue I*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silpakit N*, Silva DAS*, Silverberg JI*, Simard EP*, Sindi S*, Singh A*, Singh GM*, Singh JA*, Singh OP*, Singh PK*, Skirbekk V*, Sligar A*, Soneji S*, Søreide K*, Sorensen RJD*, Soriano JB*, Soshnikov S*, Sposato LA*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stahl H*, Stanaway JD*, Stathopoulou V*, Steckling N*, Steel N*, Stein DJ*, Steiner C*, Stöckl H*, Stranges S*, Strong M*, Sun J*, Sunguya BF*, Sur P*, Swaminathan S*, Sykes BL*, Szoeke CEI*, Tabarés-Seisdedos R*, Tabb KM*, Talongwa RT*, Tarawneh MR*, Tavakkoli M*, Taye B*, Taylor HR*, Tedla BA*, Tefera W*, Tegegne TK*, Tekle DY*, Shifa GT*, Terkawi AS*, Tessema GA*, Thakur JS*, Thomson AJ*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Thrift AG*, Thurston GD*, Tillmann T*, Tobe-Gai R*, Tonelli M*, Topor-Madry R*, Topouzis F*, Tran BX*, Tsala Dimbuene Z*, Tura AK*, Tuzcu EM*, Tyrovolas S*, Ukwaja KN*, Undurraga EA*, Uneke CJ*, Uthman OA*, van Donkelaar A*, Varakin YY*, Vasankari T*, Vasconcelos AMN*, Veerman JL*, Venketasubramanian N*, Verma RK*, Violante FS*, Vlassov VV*, Volkow P*, Vollset SE*, Wagner GR*, Wallin MT*, Wang L*, Wanga V*, Watkins DA*, Weichenthal S*, Weiderpass E*, Weintraub RG*, Weiss DJ*, Werdecker A*, Westerman R*, Whiteford HA*, Wilkinson JD*, Wiysonge CS*, Wolfe CDA*, Wolfe I*, Won S*, Woolf AD*, Workie SB*, Wubshet M*, Xu G*, Yadav AK*, Yakob B*, Yalew AZ*, Yan LL*, Yano Y*, Yaseri M*, Ye P*, Yip P*, Yonemoto N*, Yoon S*, Younis MZ*, Yu C*, Zaidi Z*, Zaki MES*, Zambrana-Torrelio C*, Zapata T*, Zegeye EA*, Zhao Y*, Zhou M*, Zodpey S*, Zonies D*, Murray CJL†. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016 Sep 21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31467-2.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Corresponding author
Afshin A, Babalola D, Mclean M, Yu Z, Ma W, Chen C, Arabi M, Mozaffarian D. Information technology and lifestyle: a systematic evaluation of Internet and mobile interventions for improving diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco, and alcohol use. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016 Aug. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.003058.
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*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
‡Corresponding author
Murray CJL, Barber RM, Foreman KJ, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham JP*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NM*, Achoki T*, Ackerman IN*, Ademi Z*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Afshin A*, Agardh EE*, Alam S*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alegretti MA*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, AlMazroa MA*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Amare AT*, Ameh EA*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Anderson H*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Arnlöv J*, Arsic Arsenijevic VS*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Avila MA*, Awuah B*, Bachman VF*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Balakrishnan K*, Banerjee A*, Barker-Collo SL*, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Basulaiman MO*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bernabé E*, Bertozzi-Villa A*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bienhoff K*, Bikbov B*, Biryukov S*, Blore JD*, 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SD*, Dherani MK*, Diaz-Torné C*, Dicker D*, Ding EL*, Dokova K*, Dorsey ER*, Driscoll TR*, Duber HC*, Ebel BE*, Edmond KM*, Elshrek YM*, Endres M*, Ermakov SP*, Erskine HE*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Estep K*, Faraon EA*, Farzadfar F*, Fay DF*, Feigin VL*, Felson DT*, Fereshtehnejad S*, Fernandes JG*, Ferrari AJ*, Fitzmaurice C*, Flaxman AD*, Fleming TD*, Foigt N*, Fowkes FR*, Fra.Paleo U*, Franklin RC*, Fürst T*, Gabbe B*, Gaffikin L*, Gankpé FG*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gething P*, Gibney KB*, Giroud M*, Giussani G*, Gomez Dantes H*, Gona P*, González-Medina D*, Gosselin RA*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Graetz N*, Gugnani HC*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gutiérrez RA*, Haagsma J*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hagan H*, Halasa YA*, Hamadeh RR*, Hamavid H*, Hammami M*, Hancock J*, Hankey GJ*, Hansen GM*, Hao Y*, Harb HL*, Haro J*, Havmoeller R*, Hay RJ*, Hay SI*, Heredia-Pi IB*, Heuton KR*, Heydarpour P*, Higashi H*, Hijar M*, Hoek HW*, Hoffman HJ*, Hosgood H*, Hossain M*, Hotez PJ*, Hoy DG*, Hsairi M*, Hu G*, Huang JJ*, Huang C*, Husseini A*, Huynh C*, Iannarone ML*, Iburg KM*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Islami F*, Jacobsen KH*, Jarvis DL*, Jassal SK*, Jee S*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Jiang Y*, Jonas JB*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Karimkhani C*, Karthikeyan G*, Kassebaum NJ*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazanjan K*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Keren A*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SA*, Khan EA*, Khan G*, Khang Y*, Kieling C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kim Y*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs LD*, Knudsen A*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Krishnaswami S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kucuk Bicer B*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulkarni C*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar G*, Kyu HH*, Lai T*, Lalloo R*, Lallukka T*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larsson A*, Lawrynowicz AEB*, Leasher JL*, Leigh J*, Leung R*, Levitz CE*, Li B*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Lim SS*, Lind M*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, Lofgren KT*, Logroscino G*, Looker KJ*, Lortet-Tieulent J*, Lotufo PA*, Lozano R*, Lucas RM*, Lunevicius R*, Lyons RA*, Ma S*, MacIntyre MF*, Mackay MT*, Majdan M*, Malekzadeh R*, Marcenes W*, Margolis DJ*, Margono C*, Marzan MB*, Masci JR*, Mashal MT*, Matzopoulos R*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGill NW*, McGrath JJ*, McLain A*, Meaney PA*, Medina C*, Mehndiratta M*, Mekonnen W*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mensah GA*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mitchell PB*, Mock CN*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Mooney MD*, Moore AR*, Moradi-Lakeh M*, Moran AE*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer ML*, Mozaffarian D*, Msemburi WT*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Murdoch ME*, Murray J*, Murthy KS*, Naghavi M*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nejjari C*, Neupane SP*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nguyen G*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh I*, Ohkubo T*, Ohno SL*, Olusanya BO*, Opio J*, Ortblad K*, Ortiz A*, Pain AW*, Pandian JD*, Papachristou C*, Park E*, Park J*, Patten SB*, Patton GC*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pereira DM*, Perez-Padilla R*, Perez-Ruiz F*, Perico N*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips BK*, Phillips DE*, Phillips MR*, Piel FB*, Plass D*, Poenaru D*, Polinder S*, Pope D*, Popova S*, Poulton RG*, Pourmalek F*, Prabhakaran D*, Prasad NM*, Pullan RL*, Qato DM*, Quistberg D*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahman SU*, Raju M*, Rana SM*, Razavi H*, Reddy KS*, Refaat A*, Remuzzi G*, Resnikoff S*, Ribeiro AL*, Richardson L*, Richardus J*, Roberts DA*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Ronfani L*, Roth GA*, Rothenbacher D*, Rothstein DH*, Rowley JT*, Roy N*, Ruhago GM*, Saeedi MY*, Saha S*, Sahraian M*, Sampson UK*, Sanabria JR*, Sandar L*, Santos IS*, Satpathy M*, Sawhney M*, Scarborough P*, Schneider IJ*, Schöttker B*, Schumacher AE*, Schwebel DC*, Scott JG*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Serina PT*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shackelford KA*, Shaheen A*, Shahraz S*, Shamah Levy T*, 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The Lancet. 2015 Aug 27. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
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