The myriad of challenges contributing to the persisting spread of Ebola in West Africa – the biggest Ebola outbreak since the viral haemorrhagic fever was discovered in 1976 – echo some of the biggest obstacles which continue to challenge the global efforts to eradicate polio.
Biography
Heidi Larson, PhD, is a Clinical Professor of Health Metrics Sciences and Director of European Initiatives at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington. Based in London, she is building IHME’s presence in the region through new research projects, dissemination and uptake of IHME’s methods and results, and consultation with regional leaders in population health. She also provides strategic consultation to IHME’s Director and Executive Team.
Dr. Larson currently serves as Professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where she leads the Vaccine Confidence Project, conducting research and mapping issues around public trust in vaccines globally. She previously headed Global Communication for Immunization at UNICEF and chaired the Advocacy Task Force for Gavi. Her research specializes in the analysis and evaluation of health and development programs with particular attention to social and political factors that can affect policies and programs. Her particular focus is on risk and rumor management in health programs and technologies, especially vaccines – from clinical trials to delivery – and building public trust.
Dr. Larson earned her PhD in Anthropology from the University of California, Berkeley. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Visual and Environmental Studies from Harvard University.
IHME was founded in 2007 at the University of Washington to provide better evidence to improve health globally by guiding health policy and funding.
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†Corresponding author
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Kyu HH, Pinho C, Wagner JA, Brown JC, Bertozzi-Villa A, Charlson FJ, Coffeng LE, Dandona L, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming TD, Forouzanfar MH, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Higashi H, Kassebaum NJ, Larson HJ, Lim SS, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Odell SV, Roth GA, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Misganaw A, Whiteford HA, Wolock TM, Wulf Hanson S, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abu-Raddad LJ, AlBuhairan FS, Amare AT, Antonio CAT, Artaman A, Barker-Collo SL, Barrero LH, Benjet C, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Brazinova A, Campos-Nonato I, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Catalá-López F, Chowdhury R, Cooper C, Crump JA, Dandona R, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Dharmaratne SD, Faraon EJA, Feigin VL, Fürst T, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gibney KB, Goto A, Gunnell D, Hankey GJ, Hay RJ, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hu G, Jacobsen KH, Jayaraman SP, Jeemon P, Jonas JB, Karch A, Kim D, Kim S, Kokubo Y, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Larsson A, Leasher JL, Leung R, Li Y, Lipshultz SE, Lopez AD, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mashal T, Mason-Jones AJ, Melaku YA, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Miller TR, Mock CN, Murray J, Nolte S, Oh I, Olusanya BO, Ortblad KF, Park E, Paternina Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Perico N, Piel FB, Polinder S, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Quistberg DA, Remuzzi G, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Rothenbacher D, Rothstein DH, Sanabria J, Santos IS, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shaheen A, Shiri R, Shiue I, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy CT, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Terkawi AS, Thomson AJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Towbin JA, Ukwaja KN, Vasankari T, Venketasubramanian N, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wilkinson JD, Woldeyohannes SM, Wolfe CDA, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon S, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zaki MES, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Vos T. Global and national burden of diseases and injuries among children and adolescents between 1990 and 2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015 Jan 25. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4276.
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*Authors listed alphabetically
†Corresponding author
Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, Burnett R, Casey D, Coates MM, Cohen A, Delwiche K, Estep K, Frostad JJ, KC A, Kyu HH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Ng M, Slepak EL, Thomas BA, Wagner J, Aasvang GM*, Abbafati C*, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham B*, Abraham JP*, Abubakar I *, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Aburto T C*, Achoki T*, Adelekan A*, Adofo K*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Afshin A*, Agardh EE*, Al Khabouri MJ*, Al Lami FH*, Alam S*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alegretti MA*, Aleman AV*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Ali MK*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, Allen PJ*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Amankwaa AA*, Amare AT*, Ameh EA*, Ameli O*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Antonio CT*, Anwari P*, Argeseanu Cunningham S*, Arnlöv J*, Arsic Arsenijevic VS*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Atkinson C*, Avila MA*, Awuah B*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Bakfalouni T*, Balakrishnan K*, Balalla S*, Balu R*, Banerjee A*, Barber RM*, Barker-Collo SL*, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Barrientos-Gutierrez T*, Basto-Abreu AC*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Basulaiman MO*, Batis Ruvalcaba C*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Benzian H*, Bernabé E*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bikbov B*, Bin Abdulhak AA*, Blore JD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Bora Başara B*, Borges G*, Bornstein NM*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Brainin M*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde NJ*, Brenner H*, Briggs ADM*, Broday DM*, Brooks PM*, Bruce NG*, Brugha TS*, Brunekreef B*, Buchbinder R*, Bui LN*, Bukhman G*, Bulloch AG*, Burch M*, Burney PGJ*, Campos-Nonato IR*, Campuzano JC*, Cantoral AJ*, Caravanos J*, Cárdenas R*, Cardis E*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castro RE*, Catalá-López F*, Cavalleri F*, Çavlin A*, Chadha VK*, Chang J*, Charlson FJ*, Chen H*, Chen W*, Chen Z*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christophi CA*, Chuang T*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Claßen TKD*, Colistro V*, Colomar M*, Colquhoun SM*, Contreras AG*, Cooper C*, Cooper LT*, Cooperrider K*, Coresh J*, Courville KJ*, Criqui MH*, Cuevas-Nasu L*, Damsere-Derry J*, Danawi H*, Dandona L*, Dandona R*, Dargan PI*, Davis A*, Davitoiu DV*, Dayama A*, de Castro EF*, De la Cruz-Góngora V*, De Leo D*, de Lima G*, Degenhardt L*, del Pozo-Cruz B*, Dellavalle RP*, Deribe K*, Derrett S*, Des Jarlais DC*, Dessalegn M*, deVeber GA*, Devries KM*, Dharmaratne SD*, Dherani MK*, Dicker D*, Ding EL*, Dokova K*, Dorsey E*, Driscoll TR*, Duan L*, Durrani AM*, Ebel BE*, Ellenbogen RG*, Elshrek YM*, Endres M*, Ermakov SP*, Erskine HE*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Fahimi S*, Faraon EA*, Farzadfar F*, Fay DFJ*, Feigin VL*, Feigl AB*, Fereshtehnejad S*, Ferrari AJ*, Ferri CP*, Flaxman AD*, Fleming TD*, Foigt N*, Foreman KJ*, Fra Paleo U*, Franklin RC*, Gabbe B*, Gaffikin L*, Gakidou E*, Gamkrelidze A*, Gankpé FG*, Gansevoort RT*, García-Guerra FA*, Gasana E*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gething P*, Gibney KB*, Gillum RF*, Ginawi IAM*, Giroud M*, Giussani G*, Goenka S*, Goginashvili K*, Gomez Dantes H*, Gona P*, Gonzalez de Cosio T*, González-Castell D*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Guerrant RL*, Gugnani HC*, Guillemin F*, Gunnell D*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gutiérrez RA*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hagan H*, Hagstromer M*, Halasa YA*, Hamadeh RR*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Hao Y*, Harb HL*, Haregu T*, Haro J*, Havmoeller R*, Hay SI*, Hedayati MT*, Heredia-Pi IB*, Hernandez L*, Heuton KR*, Heydarpour P*, Hijar M*, Hoek HW*, Hoffman HJ*, Hornberger JC*, Hosgood H*, Hoy DG*, Hsairi M*, Hu G*, Hu H*, Huang C*, Huang JJ*, Hubbell BJ*, Huiart L*, Husseini A*, Iannarone ML*, Iburg KM*, Idrisov BT*, Ikeda N*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Islami F*, Ismayilova S*, Jacobsen KH*, Jansen HA*, Jarvis DL*, Jassal SK*, Jauregui A*, Jayaraman S*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang F*, Jiang G*, Jiang Y*, Jonas JB*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Kany Roseline SS*, Karam NE*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Karthikeyan G*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazi DS*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Keren A*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SAH*, Khan EA*, Khang Y*, Khatibzadeh S*, Khonelidze I*, Kieling C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kim Y*, Kimokoti RW*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Kissela BM*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs LD*, Knudsen A*, Kokubo Y*, Kose M*, Kosen S*, Kraemer A*, Kravchenko M*, Krishnaswami S*, Kromhout H*, Ku T*, Kuate Defo B*, Kucuk Bicer B*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulkarni C*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar G*, Kwan GF*, Lai T*, Lakshmana Balaji A*, Lalloo R*, Lallukka T*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larson HJ*, Larsson A*, Laryea DO*, Lavados PM*, Lawrynowicz AE*, Leasher JL*, Lee J*, Leigh J*, Leung R*, Levi M*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Liang J*, Liang X*, Lim SS*, Lindsay M*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, Logroscino G*, London SJ*, Lopez N*, Lortet-Tieulent J*, Lotufo PA*, Lozano R*, Lunevicius R*, Ma J*, Ma S*, Machado VMP*, MacIntyre MF*, Magis-Rodriguez C*, Mahdi AA*, Majdan M*, Malekzadeh R*, Mangalam S*, Mapoma CC*, Marape M*, Marcenes W*, Margolis DJ*, Margono C*, Marks GB*, Martin RV*, Marzan MB*, Mashal MT*, Masiye F*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Matsushita K*, Matzopoulos R*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McKay AC*, McKee M*, McLain A*, Meaney PA*, Medina C*, Mehndiratta M*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Mekonnen W*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Mensah GA*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mishra S*, Mohamed IN*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Moore AR*, Morawska L*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Mozaffarian D*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Mullany EC*, Murthy KS*, Naghavi M*, Nahas Z*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Neal B*, Nejjari C*, Neupane SP*, Newton CR*, Ngalesoni FN*, Ngirabega J*, Nguyen G*, Nguyen NT*, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ*, Nisar MI*, Nogueira JR*, Nolla JM*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh I*, Ohkubo T*, Olusanya BO*, Omer SB*, Opio J*, Orozco R*, Pagcatipunan Jr., RS*, Pain AW*, Pandian JD*, Panelo CA*, Papachristou C*, Park E*, Parry CD*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pedraza LS*, Pedroza A*, Pejin Stokic L*, Pekericli A*, Pereira DM*, Perez-Padilla R*, Perez-Ruiz F*, Perico N*, Perry SAL*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips MR*, Phua HP *, Plass D*, Poenaru D*, Polanczyk GV*, Polinder S*, Pond CD*, Pope C*, Pope D*, Popova S*, Pourmalek F*, Powles J*, Prabhakaran D*, Prasad NM*, Qato DM*, Quezada AD*, Quistberg DA*, Racapé L*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman S*, Raju M*, Rakovac I*, Rana SM*, Rao M*, Razavi H*, Reddy KS*, Refaat AH*, Rehm J*, Remuzzi G*, Ribeiro AL*, Riccio PM*, Richardson L*, Riederer A*, Robinson M*, Roca A*, Rodriguez A*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Romieu I*, Ronfani L*, Room R*, Roy N*, Ruhago GM*, Rushton L*, Sabin N*, Sacco RL*, Saha S*, Sahathevan R*, Sahraian M*, Salomon JA*, Salvo D*, Sampson UK*, Sanabria JR*, Sanchez L*, Sánchez-Pimienta TG*, Sanchez-Riera L*, Sandar L*, Santos IS*, Sapkota A*, Satpathy M*, Saunders JE*, Sawhney M*, Saylan MI*, Scarborough P*, Schmidt JC*, Schneider IJC*, Schöttker B*, Schwebel DC*, Scott JG*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Serdar B*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shaddick G*, Shahraz S*, Shamah Levy T*, Shangguan S*, She J*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shibuya K*, Shin HH*, Shinohara Y*, Shiri R*, Shishani K*, Shiue I*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Simard EP*, Sindi S*, Singh A*, Singh GM*, Singh JA*, Skirbekk V*, Sliwa K*, Soljak M*, Soneji S*, Søreide K*, Soshnikov S*, Sposato LA*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stapelberg NJC*, Stathopoulou V*, Steckling N*, Stein DJ*, Stein MB*, Stephens N*, Stöckl H*, Straif K*, Stroumpoulis K*, Sturua L*, Sunguya BF*, Swaminathan S*, Swaroop M*, Sykes BL*, Tabb KM*, Takahashi K *, Talongwa RT*, Tandon N*, Tanne D*, Tanner M*, Tavakkoli M*, Te Ao BJ*, Teixeira CM*, Téllez Rojo MM*, Temesgen AM*, Terkawi AS*, Texcalac-Sangrador JL *, Thackway SV*, Thomson B*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Thrift AG*, 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X*, Zunt JR*, Lopez AD †, Vos T †, Murray CJL †‡. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2015 Sep 11. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61455-6.
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
‡Corresponding author
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators: Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, Charlson F, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dicker D, Duan L, Erskine H, Feigin VL, Ferrari AJ, Fitzmaurice C, Fleming T, Graetz N, Guinovart C, Haagsma J, Hansen GM, Hanson SW, Heuton KR, Higashi H, Kassebaum N, Kyu H, Laurie E, Liang X, Lofgren K, Lozano R, MacIntyre MF, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Nguyen G, Odell S, Ortblad K, Roberts DA, Roth GA, Sandar L, Serina PT, Stanaway JD, Steiner C, Thomas B, Vollset SE, Whiteford H, Wolock TM, Ye P, Zhou M, Avila MA*, Aasvang GM*, Abbafati C*, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abd-Allah F*, Abdel Aziz MI*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham JP*, Abraham B*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Aburto TC*, Achoki T*, Ackerman IN*, Adelekan A*, Ademi Z*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Arnlov J*, Agardh EE*, Al Khabouri MJ*, Alam SS*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alegretti MA*, Aleman AV*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Allebeck P*, Allen PJ*, AlMazroa MA*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Ameli O*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Anderson HR*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Apfel H*, Arsenijevic VSA*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Atkinson C*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Bakfalouni T*, Balakrishnan K*, Balalla S*, Banerjee A*, Barker-Collo SL, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Basu S*, Basu A*, Baxter A*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bernabe E*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta Z*, Bienhoff K*, Bikbov B*, Bin Abdulhak A*, Blore JD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Basara BB*, Borges G*, Bornstein NM*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Boyers LN*, Brainin M*, Brauer M*, Brayne CEG*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde NJK*, Brenner H*, Briggs ADM*, Brooks PM*, Brown J*, Brugha TS*, Buchbinder R*, Buckle GC*, Bukhman G*, Bulloch AG*, Burch M*, Burnett R*, Cardenas R*, Cabral NL*, Campos Nonato IR*, Campuzano JC*, Carapetis JR*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castaneda-Orjuela CA*, Catala-Lopez F*, Chadha VK*, Chang JC*, Chen H*, Chen W*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Christophi CA*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Coggeshall M*, Cohen A*, Colistro V*, Colquhoun SM*, Contreras AG*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, Cooperrider K*, Coresh J*, Cortinovis M*, Criqui MH*, Crump JA*, Cuevas-Nasu L*, Dandona R*, Dandona L*, Dansereau E*, Dantes HG*, Dargan PI*, Davey G*, Davitoiu DV*, Dayama A*, De la Cruz-Gongora V*, de la Vega SF*, De Leo D*, del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle RP*, Deribe K*, Derrett S*, Des Jarlais DC*, Dessalegn M*, deVeber GA*, Dharmaratne SD*, Diaz-Torne C*, Ding EL*, Dokova K*, ER*, Driscoll TR*, Duber H*, Durrani AM*, Edmond KM*, Ellenbogen RG*, Endres M*, Ermakov SP*, Eshrati B*, Esteghamati A*, Estep K*, Fahimi S*, Farzadfar F*, Fay DFJ*, Felson DT*, Fereshtehnejad SM*, Fernandes JG*, Ferri CP*, Flaxman A*, Foigt N*, Foreman KJ*, Fowkes FGR*, Franklin RC*, Furst T*, Futran ND*, Gabbe BJ*, Gankpe FG*, Garcia-Guerra FA*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gibney KB*, Gillum RF*, Ginawi IA*, Giroud M*, Giussani G*, Goenka S*, Goginashvili K*, Gona P*, Gonzalez de Cosio T*, Gosselin RA*, Gotay CC*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Guerrant RI*, Gugnani HC*, Gunnell D*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Gutierrez RA*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hagan H*, Halasa Y*, Hamadeh RR*, Hamavid H*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Hao Y*, Harb HL*, Haro JM*, Havmoeller R*, Hay RJ*, Hay S*, Hedayati MT*, Heredia Pi IB*, Heydarpour P*, Hijar M*, Hoek HW*, Hoffman HJ*, Hornberger JC*, Hosgood HD*, Hossain M*, Hotez PJ*, Hoy*, Hsairi M*, Hu H*, Hu G*, Huang JJ*, Huang C*, Huiart L*, Husseini A*, Iannarone M*, Iburg KM*, Innos K*, Inoue M*, Jacobsen KH*, Jassal SK*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Jiang Y*, Jonas JB*, Joseph J*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Karch A*, Karimkhani C*, Karthikeyan G*, Katz R*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazi DS*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SEAH*, Khan EA*, Khan G*, Khang YH*, Khonelidze I*, Kieling C*, Kim D*, Kim S*, Kimokoti RW*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Kissela BM*, Kivipelto M*, Knibbs L*, Knudsen AK*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Kramer A*, Kravchenko M*, Krishnamurthi RV*, Krishnaswami S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kucuk Bicer B*, Kuipers EJ*, Kulkarni VS*, Kumar K*, Kumar GA*, Kwan GF*, Lai T*, Lalloo R*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larson H*, Larsson A*, Lawrynowicz AEB*, Leasher JL*, Lee JT*, Leigh J*, Leung R*, Levi M*, Li B*, Li Y*, Li Y*, Liang J*, Lim S*, Lin HH*, Lind M*, Lindsay MP*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Lloyd BK*, Ohno SL*, Logroscino G*, Looker KJ*, Lopez AD*, Lopez-Olmedo N*, Lortet-Tieulent J*, Lotufo PA*, Low N*, Lucas RM*, Lunevicius R*, Lyons RA*, Ma J*, Ma S*, Mackay MT*, Majdan M*, Malekzadeh R*, Mapoma CC*, Marcenes W*, March LM*, Margono C*, Marks GB*, Marzan MB*, Masci JR*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Matzopoulos RG*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGill NW*, McGrath JJ*, McKee M*, McLain A*, McMahon BJ*, Meaney PA*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Mekonnen W*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mensah G*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Micha R*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mitchell PB*, Mock CN*, Moffitt TE*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Moore AR*, Moran AE*, Morawska L*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer M*, Mozaffarian D*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Murdoch ME*, Murray J*, Murthy KS*, Naghavi P*, Nahas Z*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Nejjari C*, Neupane SP*, Newman LM*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nhung NT*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh IH*, Ohkubo T*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Ortiz A*, Pandian JD*, Panelo CIA*, Papachristou C*, Park EK*, Parry CD*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pedraza LS*, Pellegrini CA*, Pereira DM*, Perez-Ruiz FP*, Perico N*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips MR*, Phillips D*, Phillips B*, Piel FB*, Plass 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*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, Vollset SE, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A*, Abdalla S*, Abd-Allah F*, Abdel Aziz MI*, Abera SF*, Aboyans V*, Abraham B*, Abraham JP*, Abuabara KE*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NME*, Achoki T*, Adelekan A*, na Ademi Z*, Adofo K*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Ärnlov J*, Agardh EE*, Akena D*, Al Khabouri MJ*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar M*, Alegretti MA*, Aleman AV*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali MK*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Al Lami F*, Allebeck P*, AlMazroa MA*, Al-Shahi Salman R*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alviz-Guzman N*, Amankwaa AA*, Amare AT*, Ameli O*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson HR*, Anderson BO*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Apfel H*, Argeseanu Cunningham S*, Arsenijevic VAS*, Artaman A*, Asad MM*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Atkinson C*, Badawi A*, Bahit MC*, Bakfalouni T*, Balakrishnan K*, Balalla S*, Banerjee A*, Barber RM*, Barker-Collo SL*, Barquera S*, Barregard L*, Barrero LH*, Barrientos-Gutierrez T*, Basu A*, Basu S*, Basulaiman MO*, Beardsley J*, Bedi N*, Beghi E*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Benjet C*, Bennett DA*, Bensenor IM*, Benzian H*, Bertozzi-Villa A*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bikbov B*, Bin Abdulhak A*, Biryukov S*, Blore JD*, Blyth FM*, Bohensky MA*, Borges G*, Bose D*, Boufous S*, Bourne RR*, Boyers LN*, Brainin M*, Brauer M*, Brayne CEG*, Brazinova A*, Breitborde N*, Brenner H*, Briggs ADM*, Brown JC*, Brugha TS*, Buckle GC*, Bui LN*, Bukhman G*, Burch M*, Campos Nonato IS*, Carabin H*, Cárdenas R*, Carapetis J*, Carpenter DO*, Caso V*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Castro RE*, Catalá-López F*, Cavalleri F*, Chang JC*, Charlson FC*, Che X*, Chen H*, Chen Y*, Chen JS*, Chen Z*, Chiang PP*, Chimed-Ochir O*, Chowdhury R*, Christensen H*, Christophi CA*, Chuang TW*, Chugh SS*, Cirillo M*, Coates MM*, Coffeng LE*, Coggeshall MS*, Cohen A*, Colistro V*, Colquhoun SM*, Colomar M*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, Coppola LM*, Cortinovis M*, Courville K*, Cowie BC*, Criqui MH*, Crump JA*, 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R*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, McGrath JJ*, McKay AC*, McKee M*, McLain A*, Meaney PA*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Melaku YA*, Meltzer M*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Mensah GA*, Meretoja A*, Mhimbira FA*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Misganaw A*, Mishra SK*, Mock CN*, Moffitt TE*, Mohamed Ibrahim N*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad AH*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Monis JC*, Montañez Hernandez JC*, Montico M*, Montine TJ*, Mooney MD*, Moore AR*, Moradi-Lakeh M*, Moran AE*, Mori R*, Moschandreas J*, Moturi WN*, Moyer ML*, Mozaffarian D*, Mueller UO*, Mukaigawara M*, Mullany EC*, Murray J*, Mustapha A*, Naghavi P*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nand D*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Nasher J*, Nejjari C*, Nelson RG*, Neuhouser M*, Neupane SP*, Newcomb PA*, Newman N*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Ngalesoni FN*, Nguyen G*, Nguyen NT*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Norman RE*, Norrving B*, Nyakarahuka L*, Odell S*, O’Donnell M*, Ohkubo T*, Ohno SL*, Olusanya BO*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Orisakwe OE*, Ortblad KF*, Ortiz A*, Otayza MLK*, Pain AW*, Pandian JD*, Panelo CI*, Panniyammakal J*, Papachristou C*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Patton GC*, Paul VK*, Pavlin B*, Pearce N*, Pellegrini CA*, Pereira DM*, Peresson SC*, Perez-Padilla R*, Perez-Ruiz FP*, Perico N*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Peterson CB*, Petzold M*, Phillips BK*, Phillips DE*, Phillips MR*, Plass D*, Piel FB*, Poenaru D*, Polinder S*, Popova S*, Poulton RG*, Pourmalek F*, Prabhakaran D*, Qato D*, Quezada AD*, Quistberg DA*, Rabito F*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman SUR*, Raju M*, Rakovac I*, Rana SM*, Refaat A*, Remuzzi G*, Ribeiro AL*, Ricci S*, Riccio PM*, Richardson L*, Richardus JH*, Roberts B*, Roberts DA*, Robinson M*, Roca A*, Rodriguez A*, Rojas-Rueda D*, Ronfani L*, Room R*, Roth GA*, Rothenbacher D*, Rothstein DH*, Rowley JTF*, Roy N*, Ruhago GM*, Rushton L*, Sambandam S*, Søreide K*, Saeedi MY*, Saha S*, Sahathevan R*, Sahraian MA*, Sahle BW*, Salomon JA*, Salvo D*, Samonte GMJ*, Sampson U*, Sanabria JR*, Sandar L*, Santos IS*, Satpathy M*, Sawhney M*, Saylan M*, Scarborough P*, Schöttker B*, Schmidt JC*, Schneider IJC*, Schumacher AE*, Schwebel DC*, Scott JG*, Sepanlou SG*, Servan-Mori EE*, Shackelford K*, Shaheen A*, Shahraz S*, Shakh-Nazarova M*, Shangguan S*, She J*, Sheikhbahaei S*, Shepard DS*, Shibuya K*, Shinohara Y*, Shishani K*, Shiue I*, Shivakoti R*, Shrime MG*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Silva AP*, Simard EP*, Sindi S*, Singh JA*, Singh L*, Sioson E*, Skirbekk V*, Sliwa K*, So S*, Soljak M*, Soneji S*, Soshnikov SS*, Sposato LA*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stanaway JD*, Stathopoulou VK*, Steenland K*, Stein C*, Steiner C*, Stevens A*, Stöckl H*, Straif K*, Stroumpoulis K*, Sturua L*, Sunguya BF*, Swaminathan S*, Swaroop M*, Sykes BL*, Tabb KM*, Takahashi K*, Talongwa RT*, Tan F*, Tanne D*, Tanner M*, Tavakkoli M*, Te Ao B*, Teixeira CM*, Templin T*, Tenkorang EY*, Terkawi AS*, Thomas BA*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Thrift AG*, Thurston GD*, Tillmann T*, Tirschwell DL*, 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*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
Murray CJL‡, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, Lim SS, Wolock TM, Roberts DA, Dansereau EA, Graetz N, Barber RM, Brown JC, Wang H, Duber HC, Naghavi M, Dicker D, Dandona L, Salomon JA, Heuton KR, Foreman K, Phillips DE, Fleming TD, Flaxman AD, Phillips BK, Johnson EK, Coggeshall MS, Abd-Allah F*, Abera SF*, Abraham JP*, Abubakar I*, Abu-Raddad LJ*, Abu-Rmeileh NM*, Achoki T*, Adeyemo AO*, Adou AK*, Adsuar JC*, Agardh EE*, Akena D*, Al Kahbouri MJ*, Alasfoor D*, Albittar MI*, Alcalá-Cerra G*, Alegretti MA*, Alemu ZA*, Alfonso-Cristancho R*, Alhabib S*, Ali R*, Alla F*, Allen PJ*, Alsharif U*, Alvarez E*, Alvis-Guzman N*, Amankwaa AA*, Amare AT*, Amini H*, Ammar W*, Anderson BO*, Antonio CAT*, Anwari P*, Ärnlöv J*, Arsenijevic VSA*, Artaman A*, Asghar RJ*, Assadi R*, Atkins LS*, Badawi A*, Balakrishnan K*, Banerjee A*, Basu S*, Beardsley J*, Bekele T*, Bell ML*, Bernabe E*, Beyene TJ*, Bhala N*, Bhalla A*, Bhutta ZA*, Bin Abdulhak A*, Binagwaho A, Blore J*, Bora Basara B*, Bose D*, Brainin M*, Breitborde N*, Castañeda-Orjuela CA*, Catalá-López F*, Chadha VK*, Chang J-C*, Chiang PP-C*, Chuang T-W*, Colomar M*, Cooper LT*, Cooper C*, Courville KJ*, Cowie BC*, Criqui MH*, Dandona R*, Dayama A*, De Leo D*, Degenhardt L*, Del Pozo-Cruz* B, Deribe K*, Des Jarlais DC*, Dessalegn M*, Dharmaratne SD*, Dilmen U*, Ding EL*, Driscoll TR*, Durrani AM*, Ellenbogen RG*, Ermakov SP*, Esteghamati A*, Faraon EJA*, Farzadfar F*, Fereshtehnejad S*, Fijabi DO*, Forouzanfar MH*, Fra.Paleo U*, Gaffikin L*, Gamkrelidze A*, Gankpé FG*, Geleijnse JM*, Gessner BD*, Gibney KB*, Ginawi IAM*, Glaser EL*, Gona P*, Goto A*, Gouda HN*, Gugnani HC*, Gupta R*, Gupta R*, Hafezi-Nejad N*, Hamadeh RR*, Hammami M*, Hankey GJ*, Harb HL*, Haro JM*, Havmoeller R*, Hay SI*, Hedayati MT*, Heredia Pi IB*, Hoek HW*, Hornberger JC*, Hosgood HD*, Hotez PJ*, Hoy DG*, Huang JJ*, Iburg KM*, Idrisov BT*, Innos K*, Jacobsen KH*, Jeemon P*, Jensen PN*, Jha V*, Jiang G*, Jonas JB*, Juel K*, Kan H*, Kankindi I*, Karam NE*, Karch A*, Karema CK*, Kaul A*, Kawakami N*, Kazi DS*, Kemp AH*, Kengne AP*, Keren A*, Kereselidze M*, Khader YS*, Khalifa SEAH*, Khan EA*, Khang Y-H*, Khonelidze I*, Kinfu Y*, Kinge JM*, Knibbs L*, Kokubo Y*, Kosen S*, Kuate Defo B*, Kulkarni VS*, Kulkarni C*, Kumar K*, Kumar RB*, Kumar GA*, Kwan GF*, Lai T*, Lakshmana Balaji A*, Lam H*, Lan Q*, Lansingh VC*, Larson HJ*, Larsson A*, Lee J-T*, Leigh J*, Leinsalu M*, Leung R*, Li Y*, Li Y*, De Lima GMF*, Lin H-H*, Lipshultz SE*, Liu S*, Liu Y*, Lloyd BK*, Lotufo PA*, Machado VMP*, Maclachlan JH*, Magis-Rodriguez C*, Majdan M*, Mapoma CC*, Marcenes W*, Marzan MB*, Masci JR*, Mashal MT*, Mason-Jones AJ*, Mayosi BM*, Mazorodze TT*, Mckay AC*, Meaney PA*, Mehndiratta MM*, Mejia-Rodriguez F*, Melaku YA*, Memish ZA*, Mendoza W*, Miller TR*, Mills EJ*, Mohammad KA*, Mokdad A*, Mola GL*, Monasta L*, Montico M*, Moore AR*, Mori R*, Moturi WN*, Mukaigawara M*, Murthy KS*, Naheed A*, Naidoo KS*, Naldi L*, Nangia V*, Narayan KMV*, Nash D*, Nejjari C*, Nelson RG*, Neupane SP*, Newton CR*, Ng M*, Nisar MI*, Nolte S*, Norheim OF*, Nowaseb V*, Nyakarahuka L*, Oh I-H*, Takayoshi Ohkubo T*, Olusanya BO*, Omer SB*, Opio JN*, Orisakwe EO*, Pandian JD*, Papachristou C*, Paternina Caicedo AJ*, Patten SB*, Paul VK*, Pavlin BI*, Pearce N*, Pereira DM*, Pervaiz A*, Pesudovs K*, Petzold M*, Pourmalek F*, Qato D*, Quezada AD*, Quistberg DA*, Rafay A*, Rahimi K*, Rahimi-Movaghar V*, Rahman SU*, Raju M*, Rana SM*, Razavi H*, Reilly RQ*, Remuzzi G*, Richardus JH*, Ronfani L*, Roy N*, Sabin N*, Saeedi MY*, Sahraian MA*, Samonte GMJ*, Sawhney M*, Schneider IJC*, Schwebel DC*, Seedat S*, Sepanlou SG*, Servan-Mori EE*, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K*, Shin HH*, Shiue I*, Shivakoti R*, Sigfusdottir ID*, Silberberg DH*, Silva AP*, Simard EP*, Singh JA*, Skirbekk V*, Sliwa K*, Soneji S*, Soshnikov SS*, Sreeramareddy CT*, Stathopoulou VK*, Stroumpoulis K*, Swaminathan S*, Sykes BL*, Tabb KM*, Talongwa RT*, Tenkorang EY*, Terkawi AS*, Thomson AJ*, Thorne-Lyman AL*, Towbin JA*, Traebert J*, Tran BX*, Tsala Dimbuene Z*, Tsilimbaris M*, Uchendu US*, Ukwaja KN*, Uzun SB*, Vallely AJ*, Vasankari TJ*, Venketasubramanian N*, Violante FS*, Vlassov VV*, Waller S*, Wallin MT*, Wang L*, Wang SX*, Wang Y*, Weichenthal S*, Weiderpass E*, Weintraub RG*, Westerman R*, White RA*, Wilkinson JD*, Williams TN*, Woldeyohannes SM*, Wong JQ*, Xu G*, Yang YC*, Yano Y*, Yentur GK*, Yip P*, Yonemoto N*, Yoon S*, Younis M*, Yu C*, Jin KY*, Zaki MES*, Zhao Y*, Zheng Y*, Zhou M*, Zhu J*, Zou XN*, Lopez A†, Vos T†. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2014 July 23. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60844-8
*Authors listed alphabetically
†Joint senior authors
‡Corresponding author
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