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Research Articles


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February 17, 2021
U.S. Children “Learning Online” during COVID-19 without the Internet or a Computer: Visualizing the Gradient by Race/Ethnicity and Parental Educational Attainment
Research Article

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to education in the United States, with a large proportion of schooling moving to online formats, which has the potential to exacerbate existing racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in learning. 

January 28, 2021
Taking a Stand Against Air Pollution – The Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: A Joint Opinion from the World Heart Federation, American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and the European Society of Cardiology
Research Article

Although the attention of the world and the global health community specifically is deservedly focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, other determinants of health continue to have large impacts and may also interact with COVID-19. Air pollution is one crucial example. 

January 21, 2021
The effects of tobacco control policies on global smoking prevalence
Research Article

Here we show that comprehensive tobacco control policies—including smoking bans, health warnings, advertising bans and tobacco taxes—are effective in reducing smoking prevalence; amplified positive effects are seen when these policies are implemented simultaneously within a given country.

January 8, 2021
Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems
Research Article

In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico.

January 4, 2021
Trimmed Constrained Mixed Effects Models: Formulations and Algorithms
Research Article

Mixed effects (ME) models inform a vast array of problems in the physical and social sciences, and are pervasive in meta-analysis. We consider ME models where the random effects component is linear. We then develop an efficient approach for a broad problem class that allows nonlinear measurements, priors, and constraints, and finds robust estimates in all of these cases using trimming in the associated marginal likelihood. 

December 24, 2020
Approaches to Defining Healthy Diets: A Background Paper for the International Expert Consultation on Sustainable Healthy Diets
Research Article

This background paper for the International Expert Consultation on Sustainable Healthy Diets characterizes healthy diets and their implications for food system sustainability.

December 23, 2020
Under-5 Mortality in Central America: 1990–2016
Research Article
December 21, 2020
The health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

The association of air pollution with multiple adverse health outcomes is becoming well established, but its negative economic impact is less well appreciated. It is important to elucidate this impact for the states of India.

December 21, 2020
Oral rehydration therapies in Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone: a spatial analysis of changes over time and implications for policy
Research Article

In a previous study, we mapped the use of ORS treatment subnationally and found that ORS coverage increased over time, while the use of home-made alternatives or recommended home fluids (RHF) decreased, in many countries. These patterns were particularly striking within Senegal, Mali, and Sierra Leone.

December 16, 2020
National burden of cancer in Italy, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017
Research Article

We monitored the burden of cancer in Italy and its trends over the last three decades, providing estimates of cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), for cancer overall and 30 cancer sites using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2017.

December 16, 2020
Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
Research Article

We generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-kilometre and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographic inequality, and assessed vaccination status by geographic remoteness.

December 10, 2020
We have to get it right: Ensuring success
Research Article

Eleanor Roosevelt said, “Life is like a parachute jump; you’ve got to get it right the first time.” With a spate of Covid-19 vaccines on the horizon, we must prepare to jump.

December 9, 2020
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019
Research Article

This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. 

December 8, 2020
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, causes, and regional distribution of vision impairment and blindness in China in 1990 and 2019.

December 4, 2020
Global prevalence of traumatic non-fatal limb amputation
Research Article

Global burden of disease estimates can provide valuable insight into amputation prevalence due to traumatic causes and global prosthetists needed to treat traumatic amputations.

December 1, 2020
Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We present global, regional, and country data for the number of people who would benefit from rehabilitation at least once during the course of their disabling illness or injury.

December 1, 2020
Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Research Article

We aimed to extensively update estimates of global vision loss burden, presenting estimates for 2020, temporal change over three decades between 1990–2020, and forecasts for 2050.

December 1, 2020
Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Research Article

We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error.

November 30, 2020
Estimating patterns in the under-reporting of suicide deaths in India: comparison of administrative data and Global Burden of Disease Study estimates, 2005–2015
Research Article

We assessed the extent of potential underenumeration by comparing suicides recorded in NCRB data with recent estimates of Indian suicides developed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiative.

November 21, 2020
Blood transfusion trends by disease category in the United States, 2000 to 2014
Research Article

This paper examines rates of blood usage to identify trends in transfusion practices over time and inform more efficient management.

November 18, 2020
Alcohol‐attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017: Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study
Research Article

We compared gender differences in all‐cause and cause‐specific alcohol‐attributed disease burden, as measured by disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000–2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed.

November 2, 2020
Burden of Neurological Disorders Across the US From 1990-2017
Research Article

The objective of this study is to present burden estimates of major neurological disorders in the US states by age and sex from 1990 to 2017.

November 2, 2020
Life expectancy, death, and disability in Haiti, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Research Article

Haiti faces a double burden of disease. Infectious diseases continue to be an issue, while non-communicable diseases have become a significant burden of disease. 

October 29, 2020
Advances and challenges on the path toward the SDGs: subnational inequalities in Mexico, 1990–2017
Research Article

The objective of this study is to analyse inequalities among Mexico’s 32 states on the health-related SDG indicators (HRSDGIs) from 1990 to 2017.

October 29, 2020
The burden of neurological diseases in Europe: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Research Article

We aimed to compare the burden of neurological disorders in the EU between 1990 and 2017 with those of the WHO European region and worldwide. The burden of neurological diseases in Europe: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

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