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Research Articles


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October 2, 2014
Burden of disease, injuries, and risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1990–2010
Research Article

We report the burden of disease and risk factors measured by causes of death, years of life lost attributable to premature mortality (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 1990, 2005, and 2010 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

October 1, 2014
Reported stroke symptoms and their associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013
Research Article
Abstract
September 26, 2014
Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990-2010: a systematic review and meta-regression
Research Article

Prevalence increased gradually with age, showing a steep increase between the third and fourth decades of life that was driven by a peak in incidence at around 38 years of age. There were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policymakers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of SP due to the growing world population associated with an increasing life expectancy and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010. 

September 25, 2014
An innovative approach to measuring efficiency of health service provision in developing countries
Research Article

Governments of developing countries lack information about the process of providing health services. When services are provided inefficiently, scarce resources that could be used to treat additional patients are wasted. Even when the political will for efficiency assessment exists, the lack of adequate data represents a barrier to conducting accurate studies on the production and costs of health care services.

September 22, 2014
Vaccine resource tracking systems
Research Article

From 1999 to 2010, annual disbursements of development assistance for health for vaccinations increased from $0.5 billion to $2.0 billion (all financial values USD 2010). In its 2012 Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), the World Health Assembly recommended establishing a comprehensive vaccination resource tracking system to better understand the source and recipients of these funds, and ultimately their impact on outcomes.

September 22, 2014
Effective coverage: a metric for monitoring universal health coverage
Research Article

A major challenge in monitoring universal health coverage (UHC) is identifying an indicator that can adequately capture the multiple components underlying the UHC initiative. Effective coverage, which unites individual and intervention characteristics into a single metric, offers a direct and flexible means to measure health system performance at different levels.

September 18, 2014
Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis
Research Article

Liver cirrhosis is a major yet largely preventable and underappreciated cause of global health loss. Variations in cirrhosis mortality at the country level reflect differences in prevalence of risk factors such as alcohol use and hepatitis B and C infection. We estimated annual age-specific mortality from liver cirrhosis in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010.

September 8, 2014
Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa
Research Article

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans. We assembled location data on all recorded zoonotic transmission to humans and Ebola virus infection in bats and primates (1976–2014). Using species distribution models, these occurrence data were paired with environmental covariates to predict a zoonotic transmission niche covering 22 countries across Central and West Africa.

August 30, 2014
Does distance matter for institutional delivery in rural India?
Research Article

This article estimates the causal effect of distance to health facility on in-facility birth in rural India, taking into account the endogenous placement of the health facility.We find that women living farther away from the health facilities are less likely to give birth at a health facility.

August 20, 2014
Hypercholesterolemia and its associated risk factors — Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013
Research Article

To assess the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and its associated factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

August 7, 2014
Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A national survey
Research Article

Current data on hypertension in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are lacking. We conducted a national survey to inform decision-makers on the current magnitude of the epidemic. We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 10,735 Saudis aged 15 years or older and interviewed them through a national multistage survey.

July 23, 2014
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation and implications for the neglected tropical diseases
Research Article

The publication of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) and the accompanying collection of Lancet articles in December 2012 provided the most comprehensive attempt to quantif

July 21, 2014
Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Research Article

The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occurred since the Millennium Declaration.

July 10, 2014
Burden of injuries avertable by a basic surgical package in low- and middle-income regions: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study
Research Article

Injuries accounted for 11% of the global burden of disease in 2010. This study aimed to quantify the burden of injury in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that could be averted if basic surgical services were made available and accessible to the entire population.

July 4, 2014
Comparing cutaneous research funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases with 2010 Global Burden of Disease results
Research Article

Two investigators independently assessed 15 skin conditions studied by GBD 2010 in the NIAMS database for grants issued in 2013. The 15 skin diseases were matched to their respective DALYs from GBD 2010.

July 1, 2014
Global burden of severe tooth loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Research Article

Our review of available quality literature on the epidemiology of tooth loss shows a significant decline in the prevalence and incidence of severe tooth loss between 1990 and 2010 at the global, regional, and country levels.

June 27, 2014
Global distribution maps of the leishmaniases
Research Article

The leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases that have a broad global distribution throughout much of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. A global assessment of the consensus of evidence for leishmaniasis was performed at a sub-national level by aggregating information from a variety of sources. These high-resolution evidence-based maps can help direct future surveillance activities, identify areas to target for disease control and inform future burden estimation efforts.

May 28, 2014
Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Research Article

In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3.4 million deaths, 3.9% of years of life lost, and 3.8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013.

May 14, 2014
A composite metric for assessing data on mortality and causes of death: the vital statistics performance index
Research Article
Timely and reliable data on causes of death are fundamental for informed decision-making in the health sector as well as public health research. An in-depth understanding of the quality of data from vital statistics (VS) is therefore indispensable for health policymakers and researchers. We propose a summary index to objectively measure the performance of VS systems in generating reliable mortality data and apply it to the comprehensive cause of death database assembled for the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study.
May 7, 2014
Population health and burden of disease profile of Iran among 20 countries in the region: from Afghanistan to Qatar and Lebanon
Research Article

Population health and disease profiles are diverse across Iran’s neighboring countries. Borrowing the results of the country-level Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study (GBD 2010), we aim to compare Iran with 19 countries in terms of an important set of population health and disease metrics.

May 7, 2014
Evaluating causes of death and morbidity in Iran, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010
Research Article
We aimed to recap and highlight the major results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 by mortality and morbidity to clarify the current health priorities and challenges in Iran.
May 7, 2014
Health transition in Iran toward chronic diseases based on results of Global Burden of Disease 2010
Research Article

Drawing on the results of the country-level Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2010 Study, we attempted to investigate the drivers of change in the health care system in terms of mortality and morbidity due to diseases, injuries, and risk factors for the two decades from 1990 to 2010.

May 2, 2014
Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Research Article

Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two-thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.

May 2, 2014
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Research Article

The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.

April 11, 2014
Measuring the world’s health: How good are our estimates?
Research Article

This chapter introduces key health metrics, as well as data sources and the analytic methods used in their estimation. It also provides examples, at both the global and country level, that illustrate their use to shape policy. The chapter focuses on two health metrics: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), which can give policymakers a comprehensive view of overall population health; and effective coverage, which can provide insight into how well health systems are delivering services to the populations who need them.

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