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Global Research on AntiMicrobial resistance (GRAM) Project Publications


map of percentage resistance to E.Coli bacteria
January 20, 2022
Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis
Research Article
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health around the world. Previous publications have estimated the effect of AMR on incidence, deaths, hospital length of stay, and health-care costs for specific pathogen–drug combinations in select locations. To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date.
November 11, 2021
Global antibiotic consumption and usage in humans, 2000–18: a spatial modelling study
Research Article
We aimed to use multiple data sources and statistical models to estimate global antibiotic consumption.
January 3, 2020
Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Research Article
Our objectives were to assess the prevalence and geographic distribution of AMR in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A infections globally, to evaluate the extent of the problem, and to facilitate the creation of geospatial maps of AMR prevalence to help targeted public health intervention.
image of article title
August 1, 2018
Antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi isolates worldwide, 1990 to 2017: A systematic review of the literature
Research Article
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi are WHO priority pathogens that cause serious bloodstream infections. Antimicrobial resistance presents a significant public health burden as it negatively impacts our ability to treat and control enteric fever. The aim of this project is to map the spatial distribution of drug resistant S. Typhi and Paratyphi and to incorporate the impact of AMR into the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study estimates.
image of article title
June 4, 2018
Measuring and mapping the global burden of antimicrobial resistance
Research Article
Despite the long-standing recognition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across many settings, there is surprisingly poor information about its geographical distribution over time and trends in its population prevalence and incidence. This makes reliable assessments of the health burden attributable to AMR difficult, weakening the evidence base to drive forward research and policy agendas to combat AMR. The inclusion of mortality and morbidity data related to drug-resistant infections into the annual Global Burden of Disease Study should help fill this policy void.

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