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Scientific publications


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Read the research on red meat consumption and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We conducted a systematic review and implemented a meta-regression to evaluate the relationships between unprocessed red meat consumption and six potential health outcomes.

Read the research on vegetable consumption and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with vegetable consumption: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We applied a Bayesian meta-regression tool to estimate the mean risk function and quantify the quality of evidence for associations between vegetable consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes and esophageal cancer.

October 10, 2022
The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk
Research Article

We present a new suite of meta-analyses—termed the Burden of Proof studies—designed specifically to help evaluate the effects of exposure to risks objectively and quantitatively.

October 10, 2022
Effects of elevated systolic blood pressure on ischemic heart disease: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

Using data from published observational studies and controlled trials, we estimated the mean SBP–IHD dose–response function and burden of proof risk function (BPRF), and we calculated a risk outcome score (ROS) and corresponding star rating (one to five).

Read the research on smoking and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We re-estimated the dose–response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty.

Read the research on long covid.
October 10, 2022
Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021
Research Article

Among individuals who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and 2021, what proportion experienced common self-reported Long COVID symptom clusters 3 months after initial infection?

Read the research on health care access and quality.
October 6, 2022
Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019.

Read the research on household air pollution.
October 1, 2022
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study
Research Article

We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.

Read the research on Tuberculosis in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa
September 16, 2022
Time trends in tuberculosis mortality across the BRICS: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019
Research Article

This study assesses the time trends of tuberculosis mortality across Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) with an emphasis on HIV status from 1990 to 2019.

maps of Africa showing onchocerciasis prevalence
September 7, 2022
The prevalence of onchocerciasis in Africa and Yemen, 2000–2018: a geospatial analysis
Research Article

Using Bayesian model-based geostatistics, we generated spatially continuous estimates of all-age 2000–2018 onchocerciasis infection prevalence at the 5 × 5-km resolution as well as aggregations to the national level, along with corresponding estimates of the uncertainty in these predictions.

Flow chart of total respiratory health care spending
August 31, 2022
US health care spending on respiratory diseases, 1996-2016
Research Article

We aimed to estimate US health care spending for 11 respiratory conditions from 1996-2016, providing detailed trends and an evaluation of factors associated with spending growth.

Chart of risk-attributable cancer DALYs
August 18, 2022
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.

Chart of relative risk from mental illness compared to other causes
August 11, 2022
All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with severe mental illness in Brazil’s public health system, 2000–15: a retrospective study
Research Article

We aimed to estimate all-cause and cause-specific relative risk (RR) and excess mortality rate (EMR) in a nationwide cohort of inpatients with severe mental illness compared with inpatients without severe mental illness in a middle income country, Brazil.

Chart of lower respiratory infections by risk factors
August 11, 2022
Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories.

Read the research on thyroid cancer in Iran.
August 2, 2022
National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019
Research Article

The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019.

August 1, 2022
Varied health spending growth across US states was associated with income, price levels, and Medicaid expansion, 2000-19
Research Article

Contemporary estimates of state health spending are valuable for tracking divergent expenditure trajectories in the US and assessing the associated factors.

Read the research on household overcrowding in Africa
August 1, 2022
Mapping local variation in household overcrowding across Africa from 2000 to 2018: a modeling study
Research Article

In this study, we aimed to estimate household overcrowding in Africa between 2000 and 2018 by combining available household survey data, population censuses, and other country-specific household surveys within a geostatistical framework.

chart of contraception use by age and marital status
July 21, 2022
Measuring contraceptive method mix, prevalence, and demand satisfied by age and marital status in 204 countries and territories, 1970–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We present estimates of the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR), demand satisfied, and the method of contraception used for both partnered and unpartnered women for 5-year age groups in 204 countries and territories between 1970 and 2019.

July 15, 2022
Burden of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in adults in the Americas, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

High prevalence of diabetes has been reported in the Americas, but no comprehensive analysis of diabetes burden and related factors for the region is available. We aimed to describe the burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and that of hyperglycaemia in the Americas from 1990 to 2019.

July 14, 2022
Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020
Research Article

Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year.

map of United States
July 7, 2022
County-level variation in the prevalence of visual acuity loss or blindness in the US
Research Article

We provide estimates of visual acuity loss and blindness in the US by county.

July 6, 2022
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

 In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution.

July 5, 2022
Health care spending effectiveness: estimates suggest that spending improved US health from 1996 to 2016
Research Article

We report US spending-effectiveness ratios, using comprehensive estimates of health care spending from the Disease Expenditure Project and DALYs from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

map of vaccine hesitancy by county in the United States
June 29, 2022
The vaccine-hesitant moment
Research Article

Multiple surveys that were conducted to examine the sentiments concerning coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) vaccination have exposed new levels of volatility around vaccine hesitancy, particularly when the hesitancy is powered by digital media platforms.

June 29, 2022
Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We sought to report comprehensive trends in injury-related mortality and morbidity for adolescents aged 10–24 years during the past three decades.

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