Summary In 2019, ambient ozone pollution accounted for 11·1% (95% UI 5·3–17·0) of COPD deaths globally, for a total of 365 000 deaths (175 000–564 000). The highest ozone-attributable age-standardised death rates occurred in the south Asia region.
Definition Ambient ozone pollution is defined as the highest seasonal (six-month) average of eight-hour daily maximum ozone concentrations. The TMREL is a uniform distribution between 29·1 and 35·7 parts per billion (ppb).
| Total sources | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | 14 | |||||||||||
| Relative risk | 5 | |||||||||||
Table 1:
Total sources used in GBD 2019 estimation
What is new in GBD 2019?
- •The ozone global exposure model was improved by adding additional monitoring data (up to 2017), including updates to the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report and data from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center Network, allowing monitoring data to affect model estimates across years.
- •The exposure model was modified to provide a more flexible radius of influence for ground observations, based upon spatial covariance.
- •The global chemical transport model ensemble was extended from six to eight models.
|
Deaths
|
YLLs
|
YLDs
|
DALYs
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
|||||
| 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Both Sexes | 0·365 (0·175 to 0·564) |
4·7 (2·2 to 7·3) |
6·21 (2·99 to 9·63) |
77·0 (37·0 to 119·5) |
-– |
-– |
6·21 (2·99 to 9·63) |
77·0 (37·0 to 119·5) |
||||
| Females | 0·157 (0·0733 to 0·250) |
3·6 (1·7 to 5·7) |
2·52 (1·18 to 3·96) |
57·3 (26·9 to 90·4) |
-– |
-– |
2·52 (1·18 to 3·96) |
57·3 (26·9 to 90·4) |
||||
| Males | 0·208 (0·0967 to 0·327) |
6·2 (2·9 to 9·7) |
3·70 (1·72 to 5·81) |
100·8 (47·0 to 158·0) |
-– |
-– |
3·70 (1·72 to 5·81) |
100·8 (47·0 to 158·0) |
||||
| Percentage change 2010-19 | ||||||||||||
| Both Sexes | 16·1% (5·8 to 26·7) |
–12·6% (–20·3 to –4·9) |
14·4% (3·4 to 25·7) |
–12·4% (–20·8 to –3·8) |
-– |
-– |
14·4% (3·4 to 25·7) |
–12·4% (–20·8 to –3·8) |
||||
| Females | 19·4% (3·3 to 34·9) |
–9·7% (–21·9 to 2·1) |
18·7% (2·2 to 35·3) |
–8·6% (–21·3 to 4·3) |
-– |
-– |
18·7% (2·2 to 35·3) |
–8·6% (–21·3 to 4·3) |
||||
| Males | 13·8% (1·7 to 27·4) |
–15·2% (–23·6 to –5·4) |
11·6% (–1·3 to 26·7) |
–15·2% (–24·7 to –4·3) |
-– |
-– |
11·6% (–1·3 to 26·7) |
–15·2% (–24·7 to –4·3) |
||||
| Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. | ||||||||||||
Table 2:
Attributable global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in counts and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined, females, and males, 2019, with percentage change between 2010 and 2019
| Deaths | YLLs | YLDs | DALYs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 37th | 40th | -- | 42nd | ||||||||
| 2010 | 32nd | 39th | -- | 43rd | ||||||||
| 2019 | 31st | 37th | -- | 43rd | ||||||||
Table 3:
Rank among attributable Level 3 risks plus most detailed Level 2 risks of global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in 1990, 2010, and 2019 for both sexes combined
Figure 1:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by constituent Level 2 causes for both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 2:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by YLLs and YLDs, age group, and sex, 2019
Figure 3:
Age-standardised all-cause SEV by location, both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 4:
Percentage change in all-cause age-standardised SEV by SDI, both sexes combined, 1990–2019
Figure 5:
Percentage of population exposed to risk factor, both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 6:
All-cause mortality relative risk, both sexes combined, 2019