Summary Among females, intimate partner violence (IPV) was the 19th-leading Level 2 risk factor for DALYs globally in 2019. IPV was responsible for 11·0% (95% UI 0·1–24·0) of DALYs due to depressive disorders and 13·9% (7·2–21·6) of DALYs due to HIV in females.
Definition IPV is defined as any lifetime experience of physical or sexual violence perpetrated by a current or former intimate partner, and is estimated among females only. Outcomes are major depression, interpersonal violence, and HIV/AIDS. The TMREL is no IPV.
| Total sources | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | 601 | |||||||||||
| Relative risk | 9 | |||||||||||
Table 1:
Total sources used in GBD 2019 estimation
What is new in GBD 2019?
- •For non-reference data, correction factors were re-estimated using a logit-difference model in MR-BRT, whereas in GBD 2017 these were estimated as fixed effects in a DisMod-MR model. This more rigorous approach led to a mean global increase in estimates of IPV exposure by approximately 20%.
- •The relative risk for depression and HIV given IPV were calculated using MR-BRT, replacing a random effects meta-analysis from GBD 2017. Relative risk changed from 1·46 (1·09–1·91) to 1·54 (1·00–2·36) for major depression, and 1·59 (1·29–1·92) to 1·60 (1·31–1·93) for HIV.
- •IPV ceased to be calculated as a risk factor for abortion, due to a judgement of insufficient evidence supporting a causal relationship after re-evaluating sources used in previous GBD rounds.
|
Deaths
|
YLLs
|
YLDs
|
DALYs
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
|||||
| 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Both Sexes | 0·0865 (0·0549 to 0·125) |
1·1 (0·7 to 1·5) |
4·12 (2·60 to 6·04) |
50·8 (32·2 to 74·5) |
4·38 (1·11 to 8·23) |
53·7 (13·6 to 101·0) |
8·50 (4·44 to 13·3) |
104·5 (54·7 to 163·2) |
||||
| Females | 0·0865 (0·0549 to 0·125) |
2·1 (1·3 to 3·1) |
4·12 (2·60 to 6·04) |
102·1 (64·7 to 149·9) |
4·38 (1·11 to 8·23) |
107·1 (27·1 to 201·6) |
8·50 (4·44 to 13·3) |
209·2 (109·8 to 326·7) |
||||
| Males | 0 (0 to 0) |
-– |
0 (0 to 0) |
-– |
0 (0 to 0) |
-– |
0 (0 to 0) |
-– |
||||
| Percentage change 2010-19 | ||||||||||||
| Both Sexes | –36·4% (–40·3 to –30·5) |
–43·8% (–47·1 to –38·6) |
–38·3% (–42·2 to –32·1) |
–44·6% (–48·1 to –38·8) |
14·6% (3·9 to 19·9) |
1·0% (–6·8 to 5·0) |
–19·1% (–33·9 to –6·6) |
–27·9% (–40·8 to –17·5) |
||||
| Females | –36·4% (–40·3 to –30·5) |
–43·9% (–47·1 to –38·7) |
–38·3% (–42·2 to –32·1) |
–44·6% (–48·0 to –38·8) |
14·6% (3·9 to 19·9) |
1·0% (–6·7 to 5·1) |
–19·1% (–33·9 to –6·6) |
–27·9% (–40·8 to –17·5) |
||||
| Males | -– |
-– |
-– |
-– |
-– |
-– |
-– |
-– |
||||
| Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. | ||||||||||||
Table 2:
Attributable global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in counts and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined, females, and males, 2019, with percentage change between 2010 and 2019
| Deaths | YLLs | YLDs | DALYs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 19th | 19th | 17th | 19th | ||||||||
| 2010 | 19th | 19th | 18th | 19th | ||||||||
| 2019 | 19th | 19th | 17th | 19th | ||||||||
Table 3:
Rank among attributable Level 2 risks of global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in 1990, 2010, and 2019 for both sexes combined
Figure 1:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by constituent Level 2 causes for both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 2:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by YLLs and YLDs, age group, and sex, 2019
Figure 3:
Age-standardised all-cause SEV by location, both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 4:
Percentage change in all-cause age-standardised SEV by SDI, both sexes combined, 1990–2019
Figure 5:
Percentage of population exposed to risk factor, both sexes combined, 2019
Figure 6:
All-cause mortality relative risk, both sexes combined, 2019