Summary Musculoskeletal disorders was responsible for 150 million (95% UI 109–198) DALYs, or 5·9% (4·6–7·3) of total DALYs in 2019, 98·1% (97·3–98·7) of which were YLDs.
Definition This aggregate cause incorporates death and, mostly, disability resulting from rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, neck pain, gout, and a large residual category of other musculoskeletal disorders.
Total sources | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | 54 | |||||||||||
Prevalence | 749 | |||||||||||
Remission | 4 | |||||||||||
Causes of death | 3758 | |||||||||||
Other | 43 | |||||||||||
Table 1:
Total sources used in GBD 2019 estimation
What is new in GBD 2019?
- •GBD added two new osteoarthritis categories: hand and other sites (eg, foot, shoulder, wrist).
- •Both new sites of osteoarthritis are common and resulted in approximately a two-fold increase in YLDs of osteoarthritis.
- •New bias adjustments for studies on low back pain and neck pain that reported a too-broad anatomical region, chronic pain, varying recall periods, activity-limiting pain only, studies surveying schoolchildren, and USA and Taiwan (province of China) insurance claims data were made. This led to changes in YLDs for low back pain, increasing in some locations and decreasing in others, and near-systematic decreases of YLDs for neck pain.
Prevalence
|
Incidence
|
Deaths
|
YLLs
|
YLDs
|
DALYs
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
Cases
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
Deaths
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
YLLs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
YLDs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
DALYs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
|
2019 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | 1510 (1430 to 1600) |
18 407·5 (17 412·6 to 19 433·6) |
323 (293 to 354) |
3944·5 (3580·1 to 4325·8) |
0·118 (0·0948 to 0·136) |
1·5 (1·2 to 1·7) |
2·79 (2·29 to 3·31) |
34·7 (28·4 to 41·1) |
147 (106 to 195) |
1790·9 (1288·2 to 2366·6) |
150 (109 to 198) |
1825·6 (1322·5 to 2402·0) |
Females | 869 (825 to 914) |
20 601·0 (19 534·5 to 21 705·7) |
182 (166 to 200) |
4368·0 (3972·8 to 4797·6) |
0·0813 (0·0583 to 0·0985) |
1·9 (1·4 to 2·3) |
1·98 (1·49 to 2·43) |
47·3 (35·6 to 58·0) |
86·7 (62·5 to 115) |
2063·7 (1487·2 to 2728·3) |
88·7 (64·5 to 117) |
2110·9 (1536·3 to 2777·3) |
Males | 646 (610 to 685) |
16 121·2 (15 216·6 to 17 073·7) |
141 (128 to 155) |
3505·7 (3181·0 to 3848·5) |
0·0362 (0·0317 to 0·0408) |
1·1 (0·9 to 1·2) |
0·815 (0·736 to 0·927) |
21·6 (19·4 to 24·4) |
60·5 (43·4 to 80·3) |
1505·0 (1078·1 to 1994·7) |
61·4 (44·2 to 81·1) |
1526·6 (1100·0 to 2016·2) |
Percentage change 2010-19 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | 21·0% (20·3 to 21·7) |
0·9% (0·5 to 1·2) |
16·5% (15·4 to 17·6) |
–1·2% (–1·6 to –0·8) |
29·6% (22·0 to 37·5) |
0·8% (–5·2 to 7·5) |
18·8% (10·9 to 26·6) |
–1·6% (–8·2 to 5·0) |
19·8% (18·7 to 21·0) |
0·5% (0·0 to 1·1) |
19·8% (18·6 to 20·9) |
0·5% (–0·1 to 1·1) |
Females | 20·6% (19·9 to 21·3) |
0·5% (0·1 to 0·8) |
17·2% (16·0 to 18·5) |
–0·8% (–1·2 to –0·5) |
30·2% (20·7 to 40·4) |
2·1% (–5·6 to 10·6) |
19·5% (9·9 to 29·4) |
–0·3% (–8·5 to 8·0) |
20·0% (18·9 to 21·1) |
0·5% (–0·1 to 1·1) |
20·0% (18·9 to 21·1) |
0·4% (–0·2 to 1·1) |
Males | 21·5% (20·6 to 22·3) |
1·4% (1·0 to 1·9) |
15·6% (14·6 to 16·7) |
–1·8% (–2·2 to –1·3) |
28·3% (20·0 to 36·8) |
–1·0% (–7·1 to 5·4) |
17·2% (9·0 to 25·3) |
–4·5% (–11·1 to 2·0) |
19·5% (18·1 to 20·9) |
0·7% (0·0 to 1·4) |
19·4% (18·1 to 20·9) |
0·6% (–0·1 to 1·3) |
Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. |
Table 2:
Global prevalence, incidence, deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in counts and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined, females, and males, 2019, with percentage change between 2010 and 2019
Deaths | YLLs | YLDs | DALYs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 19th | 20th | 1st | 12th | ||||||||
2010 | 19th | 19th | 1st | 7th | ||||||||
2019 | 19th | 19th | 1st | 6th | ||||||||
Table 3:
Rank among Level 2 causes for global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in 1990, 2010, and 2019, for both sexes combined

Figure 1:
Composition of DALYs by constituent Level 3 causes for both sexes combined, 2019

Figure 2:
Percentage of DALYs attributable to top risk factors for both sexes combined, 2019


Figure 3:
Age-standardised DALY rates for each location by SDI, both sexes combined, 2019

Figure 4:
Composition of DALYs by YLLs and YLDs, age group, and sex, 2019


Figure 5:
Age-standardised DALY rates (per 100 000) by location, both sexes combined, 2019