Summary Acute hepatitis resulted in 4·35 million (95% UI 3·57–5·22) global DALYs in 2019. Acute hepatitis A, B, C, and E contributed 53·9% (42·9–63·6), 37·2% (27·8–47·4), 5·8% (3·4–8·8), and 3·0% (2·1–4·0) to DALYs for the acute hepatitis parent, respectively.
Definition Hepatitis is a viral infection that can lead to inflammation of the liver. This Level 3 cause incorporates death and disability resulting from acute hepatitis A, B, C, and E.
Total sources | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence | 0 | |||||||||||
Prevalence | 1199 | |||||||||||
Remission | 0 | |||||||||||
Causes of death | 3837 | |||||||||||
Other | 32 | |||||||||||
Table 1:
Total sources used in GBD 2019 estimation
What is new in GBD 2019?
- •Adjustments for seroprevalence data from blood donors and pregnant women were estimated in MR-BRT relative to seroprevalence data among the general population.
- •The results of the DisMod-MR model of hepatitis B surface antigen prevalence at younger ages were adjusted downward, reflecting coverage and efficacy of vaccination by country and year.
- •Analysis conducted in MR-BRT using 42 studies that reported on the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody and HCV-RNA produced a pooled estimate of proportion viremic among the seropositive individuals to correct outputs of our model of anti-HCV seropositivity to estimate viremia.
- •Mortality due to acute hepatitis A, B, C, and E was modelled in CODEm rather than in the natural history models used in past GBD rounds which required case fatality from hospital inpatient data.
Prevalence
|
Incidence
|
Deaths
|
YLLs
|
YLDs
|
DALYs
|
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Cases
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
Cases
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
Deaths
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
YLLs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
YLDs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
DALYs
(millions) |
Rate (per 100 000)
|
|
2019 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | 23·6 (21·5 to 25·8) |
319·5 (293·2 to 347·5) |
264 (244 to 285) |
3615·9 (3360·5 to 3888·3) |
0·0792 (0·0658 to 0·0953) |
1·0 (0·8 to 1·2) |
3·93 (3·16 to 4·84) |
52·6 (42·0 to 65·1) |
0·414 (0·266 to 0·608) |
5·4 (3·4 to 7·9) |
4·35 (3·57 to 5·22) |
58·0 (47·3 to 70·0) |
Females | 10·6 (9·66 to 11·7) |
294·7 (270·1 to 322·8) |
121 (112 to 131) |
3400·2 (3152·2 to 3666·9) |
0·0330 (0·0274 to 0·0432) |
0·8 (0·7 to 1·1) |
1·66 (1·34 to 2·22) |
45·5 (36·4 to 60·9) |
0·185 (0·118 to 0·271) |
4·9 (3·1 to 7·1) |
1·85 (1·51 to 2·41) |
50·4 (40·7 to 66·2) |
Males | 13·0 (11·7 to 14·5) |
344·4 (311·1 to 382·0) |
143 (131 to 157) |
3832·2 (3509·2 to 4167·8) |
0·0462 (0·0361 to 0·0561) |
1·2 (0·9 to 1·5) |
2·27 (1·72 to 2·79) |
59·7 (45·0 to 73·7) |
0·228 (0·146 to 0·336) |
5·8 (3·7 to 8·6) |
2·50 (1·94 to 2·99) |
65·6 (50·7 to 79·1) |
Percentage change 2010-19 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | –2·0% (–8·9 to 5·4) |
–8·1% (–14·3 to –1·8) |
–0·8% (–6·3 to 5·2) |
–6·4% (–11·3 to –1·4) |
–27·8% (–39·6 to –10·7) |
–36·9% (–47·3 to –21·7) |
–38·2% (–50·1 to –22·2) |
–43·6% (–54·7 to –28·9) |
3·7% (–5·4 to 13·0) |
–4·9% (–13·2 to 3·6) |
–35·7% (–47·0 to –21·0) |
–41·4% (–52·2 to –27·7) |
Females | –1·4% (–9·4 to 7·4) |
–7·2% (–14·2 to 0·3) |
–0·2% (–6·5 to 6·5) |
–5·6% (–11·1 to 0·1) |
–34·4% (–44·7 to –10·2) |
–43·1% (–52·5 to –21·7) |
–45·1% (–55·8 to –23·6) |
–49·9% (–60·2 to –29·9) |
4·1% (–7·4 to 16·2) |
–4·1% (–14·7 to 7·1) |
–42·3% (–52·6 to –21·8) |
–47·5% (–57·5 to –28·7) |
Males | –2·5% (–12·4 to 8·2) |
–8·8% (–17·5 to 0·8) |
–1·2% (–9·2 to 7·3) |
–7·0% (–14·4 to 0·5) |
–22·1% (–38·6 to –4·6) |
–31·7% (–46·5 to –16·3) |
–32·0% (–48·3 to –15·3) |
–37·8% (–52·9 to –22·4) |
3·4% (–9·0 to 17·1) |
–5·5% (–16·8 to 7·1) |
–29·8% (–45·1 to –14·2) |
–35·8% (–50·1 to –21·3) |
Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. |
Table 2:
Global prevalence, incidence, deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in counts and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined, females, and males, 2019, with percentage change between 2010 and 2019
Deaths | YLLs | YLDs | DALYs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 44th | 35th | 100th | 54th | ||||||||
2010 | 64th | 49th | 103rd | 72nd | ||||||||
2019 | 79th | 64th | 107th | 91st | ||||||||
Table 3:
Rank among Level 3 causes for global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in 1990, 2010, and 2019, for both sexes combined

Figure 1:
Composition of DALYs by constituent Level 4 causes for both sexes combined, 2019

Figure 2:
Percentage of DALYs attributable to top risk factors for both sexes combined, 2019


Figure 3:
Age-standardised DALY rates for each location by SDI, both sexes combined, 2019

Figure 4:
Composition of DALYs by YLLs and YLDs, age group, and sex, 2019


Figure 5:
Age-standardised DALY rates (per 100 000) by location, both sexes combined, 2019