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Estimates of global and regional premature cardiovascular mortality in 2025
United Nations member states have agreed to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality 25% by 2025. Global CVD risk factor targets have been recommended. We produced estimates to show how selected risk factor reduction would affect CVD mortality for different regions and countries.
Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
We use the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 data on mortality and causes of death, and disease and injury incidence and prevalence to analyze the burden of disease and injury in England as a whole, in English regions, and within each English region by deprivation quintile. We also assess disease and injury burden in England attributable to potentially preventable risk factors. England and the English regions are compared with the remaining constituent countries of the UK and with comparable countries in the European Union (EU) and beyond.
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.
2014 Dissemination Report
This report details findings from the 2014 evaluation period of the Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE) project in Bangladesh, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia. The FCE are three-year prospective studies that aim to understand and quantify the barriers to and drivers of immunization program performance, with emphasis on the contribution of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Lessons Learned from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations
This brief presents lessons learned from human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine demonstration in Mozambique and preparation for HPV national introduction in Uganda during the 2014 period of the Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE).
Bangladesh: Findings from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations
This brief presents findings for Bangladesh from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE) Annual Dissemination Report. It reflects content from the 2014 Annual Dissemination Report.
Mozambique: Findings from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations
This brief presents findings for Mozambique from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE) Annual Dissemination Report. It reflects content from the 2014 Annual Dissemination Report.
Uganda: Findings from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations
This brief presents findings for Uganda from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE) Annual Dissemination Report. It reflects content from the 2014 Annual Dissemination Report.
Zambia: Findings from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations
This brief presents findings for Zambia from the 2014 Gavi Full Country Evaluations (FCE) Annual Dissemination Report. It reflects content from the 2014 Annual Dissemination Report.
Benchmarking health system performance across states in Nigeria: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions and outcomes, 2000–2013
Nigeria has made notable gains in improving childhood survival but the country still accounts for a large portion of the world’s overall disease burden, particularly among women and children. To date, no systematic analyses have comprehensively assessed trends for health outcomes and interventions across states in Nigeria.
The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015
Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning.
Understanding the relationships between non-communicable diseases, unhealthy lifestyles, and country wealth
The amount of international aid given to address non-communicable diseases is minimal. Most of it is directed to wealthier countries and focuses on the prevention of unhealthy lifestyles. Explanations for the current direction of non-communicable disease aid include that these are diseases of affluence that benefit from substantial research and development into their treatment in high-income countries and are better addressed through domestic tax and policy measures to reduce risk factor prevalence than through aid programs. This study assessed these justifications.
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardized estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to socio-demographic development.
Trends and determinants of antiretroviral therapy patient monitoring practices in Kenya and Uganda
Patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) require routine monitoring to track response to treatment and assess for treatment failure. This study aims to identify gaps in monitoring practices in Kenya and Uganda.
Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities
Development of simple ELISA-based assays derived from the successful selection strategy outlined here offers the potential to generate rich epidemiologic surveillance data that will be widely accessible to malaria control programs.
Prevalence of asthma in Saudi adults: findings from a national household survey, 2013
There are not enough data on the epidemiology of asthma in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We analyzed data from a national household survey conducted in KSA in 2013 to estimate prevalence, associated risk factors, and control measurements of asthma.
Maintenance dialysis throughout the world in years 1990 and 2010
Rapidly rising global rates of chronic diseases portend a consequent rise in ESRD. Despite this, kidney disease is not included in the list of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) targeted by the United Nations for 25% reduction by year 2025. In an effort to accurately report the trajectory and pattern of global growth of maintenance dialysis, we present the change in prevalence and incidence from 1990 to 2010.
Low uptake of periodic health examinations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013
It is unknown whether Saudis receive health examinations periodically. To inform health authorities on the health-seeking behavior of the Saudi population, we investigated patterns of periodic health examination (PHE) use by Saudis.
Health and wealth in Mesoamerica: findings from Salud Mesomérica 2015
Individual income and poverty are associated with poor health outcomes. The poor face unique challenges related to access, education, financial capacity, environmental effects, and other factors that threaten their health outcomes.
Ischemic heart disease worldwide, 1990 to 2013
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) was responsible for 8.1 million deaths in 2013, the most recent year estimated, which was 14.8% of deaths worldwide. IHD was the leading cause of death globally among men and women in both 1990 and 2013.
Understanding the roles of faith-based health care providers in Africa: review of the evidence with a focus on magnitude, reach, cost, and satisfaction
As the first report in the series on faith-based health care, we review a broad body of published work and introduce some empirical evidence on the role of faith-based health care providers, with a focus on Christian faith-based health providers in sub-Saharan Africa (on which the most detailed documentation has been gathered).