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The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Edition
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Edition compares regional trends for sub-Saharan Africa and highlights intraregional differences in diseases, injuries, and risk factors. The publication gives a mixed picture of health in the region, which shows progress as well as growing challenges. Published by the World Bank and IHME, the report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), a collaborative effort of researchers from 50 countries around the world led by IHME at the University of Washington.
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Middle East and North Africa Regional Edition
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Middle East and North Africa Regional Edition summarizes the main findings for the Middle East and North Africa and explores the leading causes of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries across the region. The publication shows that in the Middle East and North Africa, health challenges are becoming increasingly similar to those in Western countries. Published by the World Bank and IHME, the report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), a collaborative effort of researchers from 50 countries around the world led by IHME at the University of Washington.
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Latin America and Caribbean Regional Edition
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Latin America and Caribbean Regional Edition summarizes changes in diseases, injuries, and risk factors in Latin America and Caribbean and compares the performance of countries in the region. The publication examines the growing threat posed by chronic diseases, violence, and road traffic injuries. Published by the World Bank and IHME, the report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), a collaborative effort of researchers from 50 countries around the world led by IHME at the University of Washington.
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Europe and Central Asia Regional Edition
The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy – Europe and Central Asia Regional Edition summarizes regional findings for Europe and Central Asia and explores intraregional differences in diseases, injuries, and risk factors. The report finds that chronic disease and a gender gap in health are taking a growing toll in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Published by the World Bank and IHME, the report is based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), a collaborative effort of researchers from 50 countries around the world led by IHME at the University of Washington.
Travel time to maternity care and its effect on utilization in rural Ghana: a multilevel analysis
Rates of neonatal and maternal mortality are high in Ghana. In-facility delivery and other maternal services could reduce this burden, yet utilization rates of key maternal services are relatively low, especially in rural areas. We tested a theoretical implication that travel time negatively affects the use of in-facility delivery and other maternal services.
Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
No systematic attempts have been made to estimate the global and regional prevalence of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and opioid dependence, and quantify their burden. We aimed to assess the prevalence and burden of drug dependence, as measured in years of life lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
The burden of HIV: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Over the last 30 years, HIV/AIDS has emerged as a major global health challenge. Globally, the trend is that non-communicable diseases and injuries are accounting for a larger share of disease burden, but HIV/AIDS is a notable exception. Maintaining and expanding the response to the epidemic will require assessment of its magnitude and impact at the country level. It is also critical to examine the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the context of other health problems to clearly understand its impact and effectively allocate resources.
Measuring the Global Burden of Disease
In 2012, data from GBD 2010 were published, providing results for 1990, 2005, and 2010. Hundreds of collaborators reported summary results for the world and 21 epidemiologic regions, covering 291 diseases and injuries, 1,160 sequelae of these causes, and mortality and burden attributable to 67 risk factors. GBD 2010 addressed a number of major limitations to previous analyses, including strengthening the statistical methods used for estimation and using disability weights derived from surveys of the general population. Metrics produced include leading causes of death, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which are the years of healthy life lost by a person due to death or disability.
A sticky situation: the unexpected stability of malaria elimination
Malaria eradication involves eliminating malaria from every country where transmission occurs. Current theory suggests that the post-elimination challenges of remaining malaria-free by stopping transmission from imported malaria will have onerous operational and financial requirements. A review of resurgence in countries that successfully eliminated, however, finds only four countries failed to sustain elimination out of 50 successful programs. These outcomes suggest that elimination is a surprisingly stable state: malaria elimination may in fact be sticky in certain circumstances. This has important implications, as it changes the projected costs of maintaining elimination and makes it substantially more attractive for countries acting alone, as well as making spatially progressive elimination a sensible strategy for a malaria eradication endgame.
Error and bias in under-5 mortality estimates derived from birth histories with small sample sizes
Under-5 mortality, the probability of death before age 5, is an important indicator of child health in a population. Because estimates of under-5 mortality are often derived from birth history data from censuses or surveys, it is important to know how accurate these estimates are, particularly estimates derived from small samples of women. Researchers aimed to assess the magnitude and direction of error for estimates derived from birth histories using several analysis methods.
A comparison of missing data procedures for addressing selection bias in HIV sentinel surveillance data
HIV prevalence over time is a critical metric for understanding the effectiveness of programs aiming to prevent HIV. Prevalence is often measured using surveillance of clinic patients, which can lead to selection bias: clinics located in areas of high HIV prevalence are often the first to be monitored by the surveillance systems, distorting the estimated HIV prevalence based on clinic data. To help understand the impact of selection bias on the estimation of HIV prevalence trends, researchers compared the efficacy of two approaches for handling selection bias.
The State of US Health: Innovations, Insights, and Recommendations from the Global Burden of Disease Study
This policy report presents key findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010) for the US and documents trends in nearly 300 different diseases and injuries that are killing people prematurely and disabling them. The report sheds light on the substantial health threat posed by potentially modifiable risk factors such as poor diet, high body mass index, and lack of physical activity. It also provides an in-depth look at life expectancy, obesity, and physical activity in US counties.
Left behind: widening disparities for males and females in US county life expectancy, 1985-2010
The United States spends more than any other country on health care, but US life expectancy at birth ranked 40th for males and 39th for females globally in 2010. To help understand this poor national performance, as well as the large disparities seen in life expectancy across communities, researchers estimated age-specific mortality rates for males and females by US county from 1985 to 2010.
Prevalence of physical activity and obesity in US counties, 2001-2011: a road map for action
Obesity and lack of physical activity are associated with several chronic conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, increased health care costs, and premature death. Since different local governments have pursued different approaches to address both risks, levels of obesity and physical activity are likely to vary substantially across counties. To understand local trends in physical activity and obesity that would help identify successful and less successful strategies, researchers examined county-level changes in physical activity and obesity between 2001 and 2011.
The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors
To better inform national health policy, it is critical to understand the major health problems in the United States and how they are changing over time. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2010 (GBD 2010), researchers compared health outcomes in the US with those of the 34 countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women
Violence against women is a phenomenon that persists in all countries. However, documenting the magnitude of violence against women and producing reliable comparative data to guide policy and monitor progress has been difficult.
The burden of congenital anomalies amenable to surgeries in low-income and middle-income countries: a modeled analysis
An estimated 6% of global infant deaths are attributable to congenital anomalies, of which 92% occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Some of the conditions can be treated by specialized surgical procedures that have been frequently provided through established vertical programs. This study aims to quantify the burden of congenital anomalies in LMICs that could be averted should the surgical programs be scaled up to 100% coverage.
Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
China has seen striking declines in child mortality and an increase in life expectancy due to rapid demographic and epidemiological changes in the past few decades, yet dietary risks, tobacco use, and the rise of non-communicable diseases such as cancer pose risks to continued improvements in health.
Estimating health expenditure shares from household surveys
Our study is the first to quantify the effect of these biases. We analyse multiple surveys per country or territory and show how the estimated share of the household expenditure devoted to health (i.e. health expenditure share) would have varied if survey instruments with different characteristics had been employed. Our contribution makes it possible for analysts to compare health expenditure share estimates across surveys.
Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study produced comparable estimates of the burden of 291 diseases and injuries in 1990, 2005, and 2010. This article reports on the global burden of untreated caries, severe periodontitis, and severe tooth loss in 2010 and compares those figures with new estimates for 1990.
The global distribution and burden of dengue
Dengue is a systemic viral infection transmitted between humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Here we undertake an exhaustive assembly of known records of dengue occurrence worldwide, and use a formal modeling framework to map the global distribution of dengue risk. We then pair the resulting risk map with detailed longitudinal information from dengue cohort studies and population surfaces to infer the public health burden of dengue in 2010.