Summary In 2019, 11·6% (95% UI 10·3–13·1) of DALYs were attributable to child and maternal malnutrition, the leading Level 2 risk factor. 2·94 million (2·49–3·51) deaths in 2019 were attributable to child and maternal malnutrition.
Definition Child and maternal malnutrition is composed of the suboptimal breastfeeding, child growth failure, and low birthweight and short gestation risk factors.
Total sources | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure | 3769 | |||||||||||
Relative risk | 194 | |||||||||||
Table 1:
Total sources used in GBD 2019 estimation
What is new in GBD 2019?
- •No substantial changes were made to the modelling strategy for GBD 2019.
Deaths
|
YLLs
|
YLDs
|
DALYs
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
Number
(millions) |
Rate (per
100 000) |
|||||
2019 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | 2·94 (2·49 to 3·51) |
44·7 (37·8 to 53·5) |
251 (211 to 301) |
3830·6 (3222·0 to 4602·7) |
44·3 (32·0 to 59·7) |
594·7 (429·1 to 802·3) |
295 (253 to 350) |
4425·2 (3789·8 to 5249·5) |
||||
Females | 1·36 (1·16 to 1·61) |
42·3 (36·0 to 50·3) |
114 (96·8 to 136) |
3606·3 (3049·5 to 4300·7) |
25·2 (18·1 to 34·0) |
676·7 (486·2 to 915·9) |
140 (121 to 164) |
4283·0 (3696·0 to 5054·8) |
||||
Males | 1·58 (1·32 to 1·92) |
47·0 (39·4 to 57·0) |
136 (114 to 166) |
4038·9 (3372·0 to 4918·3) |
19·1 (13·9 to 25·7) |
513·3 (374·3 to 691·2) |
155 (132 to 185) |
4552·2 (3865·3 to 5418·7) |
||||
Percentage change 2010-19 | ||||||||||||
Both Sexes | –30·6% (–39·8 to –19·8) |
–30·9% (–40·1 to –20·1) |
–31·4% (–40·8 to –20·5) |
–31·1% (–40·5 to –20·1) |
6·8% (5·5 to 8·3) |
–1·7% (–2·9 to –0·4) |
–27·5% (–35·9 to –17·7) |
–28·2% (–36·6 to –18·4) |
||||
Females | –30·8% (–39·6 to –21·0) |
–31·4% (–40·2 to –21·7) |
–31·9% (–40·9 to –21·8) |
–31·8% (–40·8 to –21·6) |
7·7% (6·3 to 9·1) |
–1·5% (–2·8 to –0·2) |
–27·0% (–34·9 to –18·0) |
–28·3% (–36·2 to –19·3) |
||||
Males | –30·5% (–39·9 to –19·3) |
–30·4% (–39·9 to –19·4) |
–31·0% (–40·6 to –19·8) |
–30·6% (–40·3 to –19·3) |
5·6% (3·8 to 7·7) |
–2·0% (–3·7 to 0·0) |
–27·9% (–36·7 to –17·8) |
–28·2% (–37·0 to –18·0) |
||||
Numbers in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. |
Table 2:
Attributable global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in counts and age-standardised rates for both sexes combined, females, and males, 2019, with percentage change between 2010 and 2019
Deaths | YLLs | YLDs | DALYs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | ||||||||
2010 | 6th | 1st | 1st | 1st | ||||||||
2019 | 9th | 1st | 2nd | 1st | ||||||||
Table 3:
Rank among attributable Level 2 risks of global deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs in 1990, 2010, and 2019 for both sexes combined

Figure 1:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by constituent Level 2 causes for both sexes combined, 2019

Figure 2:
Composition of attributable global DALYs by YLLs and YLDs, age group, and sex, 2019


Figure 3:
Age-standardised all-cause SEV by location, both sexes combined, 2019


Figure 4:
Percentage change in all-cause age-standardised SEV by SDI, both sexes combined, 1990–2019