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Scientific publications


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Read the research on substance use in South America.
January 24, 2023
Burden of disease due to amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, and opioid use disorders in South America, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

This study investigated the burden of disease attributable to amphetamine use disorder, cannabis use disorder (CAD), cocaine use disorder, and opioid use disorder (OUD) in South America from 1990 to 2019, on the basis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019.

January 24, 2023
Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: tracking development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026
Research Article

We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness.

Read the research on disease burden in Pakistan.
January 18, 2023
The state of health in Pakistan and its provinces and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

Comparison of health indicators since 1990 provides valuable insights about Pakistan's ability to strengthen its health-care system, reduce inequalities, improve female and child health outcomes, achieve universal health coverage, and meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Read the research on meningitis vaccine coverage in Africa.
January 5, 2023
Meningococcal A conjugate vaccine coverage in the meningitis belt of Africa from 2010 to 2021: A modelling study
Research Article

These estimates highlight where gaps in immunization remain and emphasize the need for broader efforts to strengthen routine immunization systems.

Read the research on HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
December 19, 2022
Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018
Research Article

These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.

Read the research on cardiovascular disease.
December 12, 2022
The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk: A compass for future health
Research Article

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study has tracked trends in death and disability since 1990 and has provided an updated perspective on the status of cardiovascular health globally, regionally, and nationally.

Read the research on health financing in India.
December 12, 2022
Tracking development assistance for health from India to low- and middle-income countries, 2009–2020
Research Article

 India’s DAH allocation strategy prioritizes contributions toward neighboring countries in the South Asia region in several health focus areas.

Read the research on disease burden in Spain.
December 7, 2022
A GBD 2019 study of health and Sustainable Development Goal gains and forecasts to 2030 in Spain
Research Article

Here, we detail the updated Spain 1990–2019 burden of disease estimates and project certain metrics up to 2030.

Read the research on causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children.
December 6, 2022
The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children
Research Article

We synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of lower respiratory infections, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries.

Read the research on tuberculosis in Cambodia.
December 3, 2022
Progress towards the 2020 milestones of the end TB strategy in Cambodia: estimates of age and sex specific TB incidence and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We aimed to examine the levels and trends in the fatal and non-fatal TB burden in Cambodia from 1990 to 2019, assessing progress towards the WHO End TB interim milestones, which aim to reduce TB incidence rate by 20% and TB deaths by 35% from 2015 to 2020.

Read the research on mortality associated with bacterial pathogens.
November 21, 2022
Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD).

Read the research on expert recommendations to end COVID-19 as a public health threat.
November 3, 2022
A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat
Research Article

The findings of the study include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Read the research on macular degeneration in the US.
November 3, 2022
Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US in 2019
Research Article

The estimated prevalence of all AMD remains high, although vision-threatening late stages appear to be level with past estimates; state and county estimates may be used for public health planning.

Read the research on applications of statistical methods to US census data.
October 26, 2022
Reconstruction of age distributions from differentially private census data
Research Article

The age distribution of a population is important for understanding the demand and provision of labor and services, and as a denominator for calculating key age-specific rates such as fertility and mortality.

Read the research on snake envenoming.
October 25, 2022
Global mortality of snakebite envenoming between 1990 and 2019
Research Article

We used verbal autopsy and vital registration data to model the proportion of venomous animal deaths due to snakes by location, age, year, and sex, and applied these proportions to venomous animal contact mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Read the research on benign prostatic hyperplasia.
October 20, 2022
The global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019.

Read the research on antimicrobial resistance in Europe.
October 13, 2022
The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis
Research Article

This study presents the most comprehensive set of regional and country-level estimates of AMR burden in the WHO European region to date

Read the research on GBD results for Indonesia's provinces.
October 11, 2022
The state of health in Indonesia’s provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

Long-term analyses of disease burden provide insights on Indonesia’s advance to universal health coverage and its ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

Read the research on red meat consumption and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We conducted a systematic review and implemented a meta-regression to evaluate the relationships between unprocessed red meat consumption and six potential health outcomes.

Read the research on vegetable consumption and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with vegetable consumption: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We applied a Bayesian meta-regression tool to estimate the mean risk function and quantify the quality of evidence for associations between vegetable consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, type 2 diabetes and esophageal cancer.

October 10, 2022
The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk
Research Article

We present a new suite of meta-analyses—termed the Burden of Proof studies—designed specifically to help evaluate the effects of exposure to risks objectively and quantitatively.

October 10, 2022
Effects of elevated systolic blood pressure on ischemic heart disease: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

Using data from published observational studies and controlled trials, we estimated the mean SBP–IHD dose–response function and burden of proof risk function (BPRF), and we calculated a risk outcome score (ROS) and corresponding star rating (one to five).

Read the research on smoking and health outcomes.
October 10, 2022
Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study
Research Article

We re-estimated the dose–response relationships between current smoking and 36 health outcomes by conducting systematic reviews up to 31 May 2022, employing a meta-analytic method that incorporates between-study heterogeneity into estimates of uncertainty.

Read the research on long covid.
October 10, 2022
Estimated global proportions of individuals with persistent fatigue, cognitive, and respiratory symptom clusters following symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021
Research Article

Among individuals who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and 2021, what proportion experienced common self-reported Long COVID symptom clusters 3 months after initial infection?

Read the research on health care access and quality.
October 6, 2022
Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Research Article

Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019.

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